Enfortumab Vedotin-Induced Febrile Neutropenia and Hyperglycemia Successfully Treated with Multidisciplinary Treatment Including Continuous Hemodialysis Filtration and Insulin Injection in a Patient with Chemo-Resistant Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma: A Case Report.

Introduction: Enfortumab vedotin (EV) is an antibody-drug conjugate combining a monoclonal antibody targeting nectin-4 with a highly potent microtubule disrupting agent. EV is expected to be a candidate for the third-line treatment for urothelial carcinoma previously treated with platinum-based chemotherapy and PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors. Very few cases of patients experienced hyperglycemia of unknown cause.

Ambient Mass Spectrometry and Machine Learning-Based Diagnosis System for Acute Coronary Syndrome.

The purpose of this study is to establish a novel diagnosis system in early acute coronary syndrome (ACS) using probe electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (PESI-MS) and machine learning (ML) and to validate the diagnostic accuracy. A total of 32 serum samples derived from 16 ACS patients and 16 control patients were analyzed by PESI-MS. The acquired mass spectrum dataset was subsequently analyzed by partial least squares (PLS) regression to find the relationship between the two groups.

A Machine Learning-Based Model to Predict In-Hospital Mortality of Lung Cancer Patients: A Population-Based Study of 523,959 Cases.

Stratify new lung cancer patients based on the risk of in-hospital mortality rate after diagnosis. 522,941 lung cancer cases with available data on the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) were analyzed for the predicted probability based on six fundamental variables including age, gender, tumor size, T, N, and AJCC stages. The patients were randomly assigned to the training ( = 115,145) and validation datasets ( = 13,017).

Meningitis with septic shock resulting from odontogenic infection misdiagnosed as closed-lock in temporomandibular disorder: A case report and literature review.

Rationale: Infections that spread to the pterygomandibular muscle can be misdiagnosed as temporomandibular disorder (TMD) because of the resulting difficulty in opening the mouth. Importantly, infection of the pterygomandibular space can extend to the skull base in the early stages, and a delay in therapeutic intervention can lead to severe complications.

Patient Concerns: A 77-year-old Japanese man with trismus after pulpectomy was referred to our department.

Results of the 2018 Japan Society for Blood Purification in Critical Care survey: current status and outcomes.

Background: The Japan Society for Blood Purification in Critical Care (JSBPCC) has reported survey results on blood purification therapy (BPT) for critically ill patients in 2005, 2009, and 2013. To clarify the current clinical status, including details of the modes used, treated diseases, and survival rate, we conducted this cohort study using data from the nationwide JSBPCC registry in 2018.

Methods: We analyzed data of 2371 patients who underwent BPT in the intensive care units of 43 facilities to investigate patient characteristics, disease severity, modes of BPTs, including the dose of continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) and hemofilters, treated diseases, and the survival rate for each disease.

High-performance Collective Biomarker from Liquid Biopsy for Diagnosis of Pancreatic Cancer Based on Mass Spectrometry and Machine Learning.

Most pancreatic cancers are found at progressive stages when they cannot be surgically removed. Therefore, a highly accurate early detection method is urgently needed. This study analyzed serum from Japanese patients who suffered from pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and aimed to establish a PDAC-diagnostic system with metabolites in serum.

Risk prediction of biomarkers for early multiple organ dysfunction in critically ill patients.

Background: Shock and organ damage occur in critically ill patients in the emergency department because of biological responses to invasion, and cytokines play an important role in their development. It is important to predict early multiple organ dysfunction (MOD) because it is useful in predicting patient outcomes and selecting treatment strategies. This study examined the accuracy of biomarkers, including interleukin (IL)-6, in predicting early MOD in critically ill patients compared with that of quick sequential organ failure assessment (qSOFA).

Accuracy for Mortality Prediction With Additive Biomarkers Including Interleukin-6 in Critically Ill Patients: A Multicenter Prospective Observational Study.

Objectives: Several inflammation markers have been reported to be associated with unfavorable clinical outcomes in critically ill patients. We aimed to elucidate whether serum interleukin-6 concentration considered with Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score can better predict mortality in critically ill patients.

Design: A prospective observational study.

Blood Interleukin-6 Levels Predict Multiple Organ Dysfunction in Critically Ill Patients.

Background: Predicting multiple organ dysfunction (MOD) in the late phase of critical illnesses is essential. Cytokines are considered biomarkers that can predict clinical outcomes; however, their predictive value for late-phase MOD is unknown. This study aimed to identify the biomarker with the highest predictive value for late-phase MOD.

Apparent Life-Threatening Event in an Infant with SARS-CoV-2 Infection.

The 2019 novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has caused a global outbreak of infection. In general, children with coronavirus disease-2019 have been reported to show milder respiratory symptoms than adult patients. Here, we have described a case of a SARS-CoV-2-infected infant who presented to our hospital with a severe episode of an apparent life-threatening event (ALTE).

A first case of meningitis/encephalitis associated with SARS-Coronavirus-2.

Novel coronavirus (SARS-Coronavirus-2:SARS-CoV-2) which emerged in Wuhan, China, has spread to multiple countries rapidly. We report the first case of meningitis associated with SARS-CoV-2 who was brought in by ambulance due to a convulsion accompanied by unconsciousness. He had never been to any foreign countries.

Characterization of 6-bromoferulic acid as a novel common-use matrix for matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry.

Rationale: Ferulic acid (FA) is a standard matrix used for analyzing proteins. In this study, the ability of a halogenated FA to serve as an effective MALDI matrix was investigated. Various halogenated FAs were synthesized, and the characteristics and performance of each were compared with those of the standard matrices α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid (CHCA) and 2,5-dihydrobenzoic acid (DHBA).

Plasma Exchange Downregulates Activated Monocytes and Restores Regulatory T Cells in Kawasaki Disease.

In Kawasaki disease (KD), the effect of plasma exchange (PE) on immune cells has not been fully elucidated. Therefore, we examined the changes in the number of CD14 CD16 activated monocytes, regulatory T (T ), and T-helper type 17 (Th17) cells in KD patients treated with PE. The percentage of total monocytes and subclasses of lymphocytes, including CD4 and CD8 T cells, and CD19 B cells, showed no significant difference before and after PE.

Correction to: Outcomes of plasma exchange for severe dilated cardiomyopathy in children.

In original publication of the article, some of the co-author's names were not included. The correct author group is published in this article.

Plasma exchange for the patients with dilated cardiomyopathy in children is safe and effective in improving both cardiac function and daily activities.

Autoantibodies against cardiac proteins play an important role in the development of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). The efficacy and safety of apheresis such as immunoadsorption (IA) or plasma exchange (PE) to remove such antibodies have been reported in adult DCM patients. However, apheresis for pediatric DCM has not been performed because of technical difficulty due to relatively low blood volume and instability of hemodynamics.

African Trypanosome-Induced Blood-Brain Barrier Dysfunction under Shear Stress May Not Require ERK Activation.

African trypanosomes are tsetse fly transmitted protozoan parasites responsible for human African trypanosomiasis, a disease characterized by a plethora of neurological symptoms and death. How the parasites under microvascular shear stress (SS) flow conditions in the brain cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is not known. In vitro studies using static models comprised of human brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMEC) show that BBB activation and crossing by trypanosomes requires the orchestration of parasite cysteine proteases and host calcium-mediated cell signaling.

Usefulness of a real-time bowel sound analysis system in patients with severe sepsis (pilot study).

Healthy bowel function is an important factor when judging the advisability of early enteral nutrition in critically ill patients, but long-term observation and objective evaluation of gastrointestinal motility are difficult. In the study, real-time continuous measurement of gastrointestinal motility was performed in patients with severe sepsis using a developed bowel sound analysis system, and the correlation between bowel sounds and changes over time in blood concentrations of interleukin (IL)-6, which is associated with sepsis severity, was evaluated. The subjects were five adult patients in the acute phase of severe sepsis on a mechanical ventilator, with IL-6 blood concentrations ≥100 pg/mL, who had consented to participate in the study.

Optimizing cardiovascular benefits of exercise: a review of rodent models.

Although research unanimously maintains that exercise can ward off cardiovascular disease (CVD), the optimal type, duration, intensity, and combination of forms are yet not clear. In our review of existing rodent-based studies on exercise and cardiovascular health, we attempt to find the optimal forms, intensities, and durations of exercise. Using Scopus and Medline, a literature review of English language comparative journal studies of cardiovascular benefits and exercise was performed.

PECAM-1 phosphorylation and tissue factor expression in HUVECs exposed to uniform and disturbed pulsatile flow and chemical stimuli.

Introduction: We analyzed the relationship between platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1) activation and tissue factor (TF) RNA expression in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) exposed to mechanical and chemical stimulation.

Methods: Fifty percent confluent and 100% confluent HUVEC cultures were exposed to pulsatile forward flow, as a model for uniform flow, or pulsatile to-and-fro flow, as a model for disturbed flow, using a parallel-plate flow chamber system for up to 4 hours in the presence or absence of 4 U/mL thrombin. Protein lysates were immunoprecipitated for PECAM-1 and then immunoblotted with anti-phospho-tyrosine antibody.

Comparison of efficacy between continuous hemodiafiltration with a PMMA high-performance membrane dialyzer and a PAN membrane hemofilter in the treatment of septic shock patients with acute renal failure.

The aim of this study was to investigate whether continuous hemodiafiltration (CHDF) with a high-performance membrane dialyzer made of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA-CHDF) in the treatment of septic shock patients with acute renal failure (ARF) is clinically relevant. 30 patients were treated with PMMA-CHDF. 13 patients treated with CHDF used a hemofilter made of polyacrylonitrile membrane (PAN-CHDF).

Efficacy of continuous hemodiafiltration with a cytokine-adsorbing hemofilter in the treatment of acute respiratory distress syndrome.

Background/aims: In the pathophysiology of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), the increase in capillary and alveolar permeability caused by various humoral mediators and resultant pulmonary interstitial edema play major roles. In this study, the efficacy of continuous hemodiafiltration using a cytokine-adsorbing hemofilter with a membrane made of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA-CHDF) in the treatment of ARDS patients was investigated.

Materials And Methods: Fifty-one patients with a diagnosis of ARDS complicated by renal failure and without prior steroid therapy were enrolled in this study.

A rapid enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with two modes of detection for measuring cytokine concentration.

Interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 were measured in 101 serum samples collected from eight intensive-care unit patients using a polystyrene-based stick enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (STICKELISA) system. This system consisted of an immobilized-antibody ELISA stick and a noncontact spectrophotometer. Cytokine concentration was detected by two ways: first, rapidly and semi-quantitatively by naked-eye observation of the color change and second, quantitatively using the spectrophotometer for accurate concentration determination.