Credibility gap in net-zero climate targets leaves world at high risk.

Looking at policies instead of promises shows that global climate targets may be missed by a large margin.

The G20 emission projections to 2030 improved since the Paris Agreement, but only slightly.

Unlabelled: Many years passed since the adoption of the Paris Agreement, which invites countries to determine their own contributions to climate change mitigation efforts. The Agreement does not offer a standard to measure progress but relies on a process of periodic stocktakes to inform ambition-raising cycles. To contribute to this process, we compare 2021 greenhouse gas emission projections up to 2030 against equivalent projections prepared back in 2015.

Updated nationally determined contributions collectively raise ambition levels but need strengthening further to keep Paris goals within reach.

Unlabelled: By January 2022, 156 countries had submitted new or updated nationally determined contributions (NDCs) under the Paris Agreement. This study analyses the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and macroeconomic impacts of the new NDCs. The total impact of the updated unconditional and conditional NDCs of these countries on global emission levels by 2030 is an additional reduction of about 3.

Can updated climate pledges limit warming well below 2°C?

Increased ambition and implementation are essential.

Enhancement of RNA cleavage activity of 10-23 DNAzyme by covalently introduced intercalator.

By introducing an intercalator through D-threoninol to the 10-23 DNAzyme at the junction between its catalytic loop and the binding arm, the RNA cleavage activity was greatly improved.

Reconsidering the dead donor rule.

If we abide by the dead donor rule, we have to comply with the rule that an organ donor must be declared to be irreversibly and unequivocally dead and not merely dying before the commencement of organ extraction. In this paper, I will show the following: that living donor transplantations violate the dead donor rule; that we cannot say that not only all the brain dead patients (HBDs) but also all the cardiac arrest patients (NHBDs) have been irreversibly and univocally dead at the time of organ extraction; and that we do not know how to tell living potential donors from dead potential donors.

Applications for human rights relief and the recommendations of the Japan Federations of Bar Associations.

Between the enactment of Japan's "Organ Transplantation Law" (OTL) in 1997 and the end of October 2003, there were 27 (30 now) legal declarations of brain death, and organs were donated from 26 (29) of those. During this period, four applications for human rights relief were made against organ donation facilities by Takayoshi Okamoto and others. One of these remains under investigation, but the Japanese Federation of Bar Associations (JFBA) has offered recommendations relating to the other three.