Assessment of pulmonary function in COPD patients using dynamic digital radiography: A novel approach utilizing lung signal intensity changes during forced breathing.

Objectives: To investigate the association of lung signal intensity changes during forced breathing using dynamic digital radiography (DDR) with pulmonary function and disease severity in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Methods: This retrospective study included 46 healthy subjects and 33 COPD patients who underwent posteroanterior chest DDR examination. We collected raw signal intensity and gray-scale image data.

One-year lung function decline in sarcoidosis.

Background: The definition of progressive pulmonary fibrosis is based on a 1-year lung function decline.

Objectives: To evaluate the epidemiology and clinical relevance of 1-year lung function decline in sarcoidosis.

Methods: A retrospective observational study at a general sarcoidosis clinic.

Spinal intraosseous arteriovenous fistulas with perimedullary drainage associated with vertebral compression fracture: illustrative case.

Background: Although osseous involvement is occasionally observed in spinal epidural arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) or seen as a part of diseases of spinal arteriovenous metameric syndrome, purely intraosseous spinal AVFs are extremely rare. Their clinical and imaging characteristic features are not well known. The authors present a case of purely intraosseous AVFs associated with compression fracture.

Subtyping emphysematous COPD by respiratory volume change distributions on CT.

Background: There is considerable heterogeneity among patients with emphysematous chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We hypothesised that in addition to emphysema severity, ventilation distribution in emphysematous regions would be associated with clinical-physiological impairments in these patients.

Objective: To evaluate whether the discordance between respiratory volume change distributions (from expiration to inspiration) in emphysematous and non-emphysematous regions affects COPD outcomes using two cohorts.

Mycotic pseudoaneurysm in the internal carotid artery secondary to cranial base abscess diagnosed with optic neuritis: a case report.

-induced mycotic aneurysm is difficult to treat and often has poor outcomes with severe symptom progression. Early diagnosis is also difficult, and blood and cerebrospinal fluid tests often fail to reveal any findings. A 74-year-old man presented with recurrent nosebleeds in addition to symptoms of left optic neuritis.

Lung function decline in sarcoidosis.

Background: A decline in lung function is the basis of the definition of progressive fibrosing interstitial lung disease. This study aimed to evaluate the epidemiology and clinical relevance of lung function decline in sarcoidosis.

Methods: This retrospective observational study was conducted at a general sarcoidosis clinic.

Deep learning-based algorithm improved radiologists' performance in bone metastases detection on CT.

Objectives: To develop and evaluate a deep learning-based algorithm (DLA) for automatic detection of bone metastases on CT.

Methods: This retrospective study included CT scans acquired at a single institution between 2009 and 2019. Positive scans with bone metastases and negative scans without bone metastasis were collected to train the DLA.

Radiologic evaluation of compensatory lung growth using computed tomography by comparison with histological data from a large animal model.

Non-invasive analysis using computed tomography (CT) data may be a promising candidate to evaluate neo-alveolarization in adult lungs following lung resection. This study evaluates and compares the validity of CT analysis with histologic morphometry for compensatory lung growth in a large animal model. We calculated the radiologic tissue volume and the radiologic lung weight from CT data taken at 1, 3, and 6 months post-surgery on 15 male beagle dogs that had a right thoractotomy, bilobectomy, or pneumonectomy (n = 5 in each group).

High D-Dimer Concentration Is a Significant Independent Prognostic Factor in Patients with Acute Large Vessel Occlusion Undergoing Endovascular Thrombectomy.

Objective: To investigate prognostic factors that affect the modified Rankin Scale score at 3 months after onset of acute stroke in patients with large vessel occlusion who underwent endovascular thrombectomy.

Methods: We retrospectively examined 87 consecutive patients who underwent endovascular cerebral thrombectomy for acute anterior circulation large vessel occlusion at Oita University Hospital and Nagatomi Neurosurgery Hospital from January 2014 to December 2020.

Results: Age, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score, and D-dimer concentration on admission were significant univariate prognostic factors related to modified Rankin Scale score at 3 months after stroke onset.

Antitussive Effect of a Chest Band in Patients with Interstitial Lung Disease: The Preliminary Results from a Pre-post Intervention Study.

Objective Evidence supporting the efficiency of clinically administered therapies against interstitial lung disease (ILD)-related cough is limited. Thus, we conducted a study to evaluate the efficacy of short-term use of chest bands on cough in patients with ILD. Methods This pre-post intervention study was performed at two university hospitals between April 2017 and August 2020.

Clinical, radiological and pathological features of idiopathic and secondary interstitial pneumonia with pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis in patients undergoing lung transplantation.

Aims: Idiopathic pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis (PPFE) is a rare type of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia, and pathological PPFE is also observed in patients with secondary interstitial pneumonia. This study aimed to evaluate the pathological findings associated with radiological PPFE-like lesions and the clinical and morphological features of patients with pathological PPFE.

Methods And Results: We retrospectively reviewed the pathology of the explanted lungs from 59 lung transplant recipients with radiological PPFE-like lesions.

Ultrasound-guided lung biopsy with coaxial technique: pleural contact length affects the occurrence of pneumothorax after first puncture.

Purpose: To assess prebiopsy characteristics influencing the occurrence of pneumothorax after first puncture of ultrasound (US)-guided lung biopsy with coaxial technique.

Materials And Methods: From January 2007 to September 2018, 180 peripheral lung lesions in 174 patients who underwent B-mode US-guided lung biopsy with coaxial technique at single institution were included in this study. Technical success was defined as the ability to make a diagnosis using the acquired sample with/without an adverse event of pneumothorax.

Temporal subtraction CT with nonrigid image registration improves detection of bone metastases by radiologists: results of a large-scale observer study.

To determine whether temporal subtraction (TS) CT obtained with non-rigid image registration improves detection of various bone metastases during serial clinical follow-up examinations by numerous radiologists. Six board-certified radiologists retrospectively scrutinized CT images for patients with history of malignancy sequentially. These radiologists selected 50 positive and 50 negative subjects with and without bone metastases, respectively.

Novel Artificial Intelligence-based Technology for Chest Computed Tomography Analysis of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis.

There is a growing need to accurately estimate the prognosis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) in clinical practice, given the development of effective drugs for treating IPF. To develop artificial intelligence-based image analysis software to detect parenchymal and airway abnormalities on computed tomographic (CT) imaging of the chest and to explore their prognostic importance in patients with IPF. A novel artificial intelligence-based quantitative CT image analysis software (AIQCT) was developed by applying 304 high-resolution CT (HRCT) scans from patients with diffuse lung diseases as the training set.

Selective transvenous embolization combined with balloon angioplasty of the occluded inferior petrosal sinus for the treatment of cavernous sinus dural arteriovenous fistulas.

Background And Purpose: Angioplasty of the dural sinus has rarely been performed for the treatment of cavernous sinus dural arteriovenous fistulas. We evaluated the efficacy of selective transvenous embolization (TVE) combined with balloon angioplasty of the occluded inferior petrosal sinus (IPS) for the treatment of cavernous sinus dural arteriovenous fistulas (CSDAVFs).

Materials And Methods: A total of 8 consecutive patients with CSDAVFs with occlusion of the IPS treated by selective TVE with balloon angioplasty of the IPS from July 2018 to January 2019 were retrospectively reviewed.

Influence of Asthma Onset on Airway Dimensions on Ultra-high-resolution Computed Tomography in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.

Purpose: Asthma onset before the age of 40 years is associated with distinct clinical manifestations in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients, but its morphologic features remain unestablished. This study aimed to explore airway morphology in COPD patients with asthma onset before 40 years of age using ultra-high-resolution computed tomography (U-HRCT), which allows a more accurate quantitation of the lumen and the wall in smaller airways than using conventional CT.

Materials And Methods: Clinical data of 500 consecutive patients undergoing full inspiratory U-HRCT (1024×1024 matrix and 0.

Adaptive Voxel Matching for Temporal CT Subtraction.

Temporal subtraction (TS) technique calculates a subtraction image between a pair of registered images acquired from the same patient at different times. Previous studies have shown that TS is effective for visualizing pathological changes over time; therefore, TS should be a useful tool for radiologists. However, artifacts caused by partial volume effects degrade the quality of thick-slice subtraction images, even with accurate image registration.

Complete occlusion of right pulmonary artery in Behçet disease.

When a patient with Behçet disease presents with haemoptysis, pulmonary vascular involvement should be considered.

Lobar distribution of non-emphysematous gas trapping and lung hyperinflation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Background: Lung hyperinflation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is closely associated with emphysema and non-emphysematous gas trapping, termed functional small airway disease (fSAD), on inspiratory and expiratory computed tomography (CT). Because the cranial-caudal emphysema distribution affects pulmonary function and fSAD may precede emphysema on CT, we tested the hypothesis that lobar fSAD distribution would affect lung hyperinflation differently in COPD with minimal and established emphysema.

Methods: The volume percentages of fSAD and emphysema (fSAD% and Emph%) over the upper and lower lobes were measured using inspiratory and expiratory CT in 70 subjects with COPD.

Direct Carotid Cavernous Fistulas.

A direct carotid cavernous fistula (CCF) is an abnormal shunt between the internal carotid artery (ICA) and the cavernous sinus (CS). Traumatic CCF is the most common type, accounting for up to 75% of all CCFs. For the management of direct CCF, endovascular therapy has become the standard.

Direct evaluation of peripheral airways using ultra-high-resolution CT in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Purpose: Disease in small airways <2 mm in diameter is a major pathology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, compared to airways <1 mm in diameter, the pathophysiological role of airways 1-2 mm in diameter remains unclear. This study analysed phantom and human COPD data to test the hypothesis that ultra-high-resolution computed tomography (U-HRCT) can accurately measure peripheral airways that are difficult to measure with conventional CT.