Atypical and non-classical CD45RB memory B cells are the majority of circulating SARS-CoV-2 specific B cells following mRNA vaccination or COVID-19.

Resting memory B cells can be divided into classical or atypical groups, but the heterogenous marker expression on activated memory B cells makes similar classification difficult. Here, by longitudinal analysis of mass cytometry and CITE-seq data from cohorts with COVID-19, bacterial sepsis, or BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine, we observe that resting B cell memory consist of classical CD45RB memory and CD45RB memory, of which the latter contains of two distinct groups of CD11c atypical and CD23 non-classical memory cells. CD45RB levels remain stable in these cells after activation, thereby enabling the tracking of activated B cells and plasmablasts derived from either CD45RB or CD45RB memory B cells.

Soluble T-cadherin secretion from endothelial cells is regulated via insulin/PI3K/Akt signalling.

Aim And Objective: Our recent report showed that soluble T-cadherin promotes pancreatic beta-cell proliferation. However, how and where the secretion of soluble T-cadherin is regulated remain unclear.

Methods And Results: Soluble T-cadherin levels significantly increased in leptin receptor-deficient db/db mice with hypoinsulinaemia or in wild-type mice treated with insulin receptor blockade by S961.

Classification of patients with COVID-19 by blood RNA endotype: a prospective cohort study.

In this study, whole-blood RNAs (prolactin and toll-like receptor 3) involved in the prognosis of patients with COVID-19 were identified. The RNA endotypes classified by these important RNAs highlight the possibility of stratifying the COVID-19 patient population and the need for targeted therapy based on these phenotypes.

Complement factor D targeting protects endotheliopathy in organoid and monkey models of COVID-19.

COVID-19 is linked to endotheliopathy and coagulopathy, which can result in multi-organ failure. The mechanisms causing endothelial damage due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) remain elusive. Here, we developed an infection-competent human vascular organoid from pluripotent stem cells for modeling endotheliopathy.

Combination of HBA1, TTR, and SERPINF2 in plasma defines phenotype correlated with severe burn outcome.

Recent advancements in proteomics allow for the concurrent identification and quantification of multiple proteins. This study aimed to identify proteins associated with severe burn pathology and establish a clinically useful molecular pathology classification. In a retrospective observational study, blood samples were collected from severe burn patients.

Association between high cardiac output at altitude and acute mountain sickness: preliminary study on Mt. Fuji.

Background: Acute mountain sickness (AMS) affects around 30% of people climbing Mt. Fuji, but its pathogenesis is incompletely understood. The influence of a rapid ascent to high altitude by climbing and summiting Mt.

Combination of WFDC2, CHI3L1, and KRT19 in Plasma Defines a Clinically Useful Molecular Phenotype Associated with Prognosis in Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients.

Background: COVID-19 is now a common disease, but its pathogenesis remains unknown. Blood circulating proteins reflect host defenses against COVID-19. We investigated whether evaluation of longitudinal blood proteomics for COVID-19 and merging with clinical information would allow elucidation of its pathogenesis and develop a useful clinical phenotype.

Significance of interferon signaling based on mRNA-microRNA integration and plasma protein analyses in critically ill COVID-19 patients.

We evaluated mRNA and miRNA in COVID-19 patients and elucidated the pathogenesis of COVID-19, including protein profiles, following mRNA and miRNA integration analysis. mRNA and miRNA sequencing was done on admission with whole blood of 5 and 16 healthy controls (HCs) and 10 and 31 critically ill COVID-19 patients (derivation and validation cohorts, respectively). Interferon (IFN)-α2, IFN-β, IFN-γ, interleukin-27, and IFN-λ1 were measured in COVID-19 patients on admission (day 1, 181 critical/22 non-critical patients) and days 6-8 (168 critical patients) and in 19 HCs.

Resistin Associated With Cytokines and Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecules Is Related to Worse Outcome in COVID-19.

Introduction: Resistin is reported to form a cytokine network and cause endothelial damage. The pathogenesis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) remains unknown, but the association between cytokine storm and endothelial damage is crucial. This study aimed to evaluate resistin in COVID-19 pathogenesis compared with sepsis.

Growth Differentiation Factor-15 Correlates with Mortality and Severity in Severe Burns.

Background: Growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) is expressed in almost all tissues of the body and is necessary for the body's defense response to stress such as inflammation. It has been reported to be associated with incidence and mortality in many diseases, including systemic inflammatory response syndromes. There are no reports on GDF-15 in burns.

Sepsis-associated hypoglycemia on admission is associated with increased mortality in intensive care unit patients.

Aim: Hyperglycemia is a common response to acute illness, but it is not often seen in critical conditions. The frequency and cause of hypoglycemia in septic patients have not been well elucidated. In this study, we focused on sepsis-associated hypoglycemia in the early phase and evaluated the impact of hypoglycemia on mortality.

Cytokine Elevation in Severe COVID-19 From Longitudinal Proteomics Analysis: Comparison With Sepsis.

Introduction: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a new viral disease. Uncontrolled inflammation called "cytokine storm" is reported to contribute to disease pathogenesis as well as sepsis. We aimed to identify cytokines related to the pathogenesis of COVID-19 through a proteomics analysis of 1463 plasma proteins, validate these cytokines, and compare them with sepsis.

Resistin forms a network with inflammatory cytokines and is associated with prognosis in major burns.

Background: In current intensive care treatment, some patients with severe burns cannot be saved due to progressive organ failure. Further investigation of the pathogenesis of severe burns is needed to improve the mortality rate. In burns, inflammatory cytokines form a network that leads to an inflammatory response.

Energy expenditure and oxygen uptake kinetics in critically ill elderly patients.

Background: Resting energy expenditure (REE) measurement of critically ill patients is essential for better nutrition management. Younger people increase their oxygen delivery ( ) to meet energy demands, but few reports have investigated oxygen uptake kinetics in elderly patients, which are the main target population in today's intensive care units (ICUs). In this study, we evaluated REE, , and oxygen extraction ratio (O Ext: oxygen consumption [ ]/ ) to clarify appropriate energy needs and consumption in elderly ICU patients.

Hydrogen Gas Therapy Attenuates Inflammatory Pathway Signaling in Septic Mice.

Background: Molecular hydrogen (H) has been used in clinical cases. However, there are few studies of H therapy to treat sepsis, and anti-inflammatory mechanisms of H are mostly unknown. We aimed to confirm effects of H therapy on sepsis and reveal its therapeutic mechanism via RNA sequencing in multiple organs in septic mice.

Adipocytokine Profile Reveals Resistin Forming a Prognostic-Related Cytokine Network in the Acute Phase of Sepsis.

Introduction: Cytokines compose a network and play crucial roles in the pathogenesis and prognosis of sepsis. Adipose tissue is an important immune endocrine organ that releases adipocytokines. This study aimed to evaluate adipocytokines in sepsis from a network perspective.

Original experimental rat model of blast-induced mild traumatic brain injury: a pilot study.

Objective: Diagnosing blast-induced mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is difficult due to minimal imaging findings. This study aimed to establish a rat model of behavioral abnormality caused by blast-induced mTBI and detect new findings for therapeutic intervention.

Methods: We used a bench-top blast wave generator with the blast wave exiting through a 20-mm I.

Bone Marrow-Derived Mononuclear Cell Transplantation Can Reduce Systemic Inflammation and Endothelial Glycocalyx Damage in Sepsis.

Bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells (BMMNCs) secrete anti-inflammatory mediators that protect against acute inflammation. Current evidence suggests that BMMNC transplantation can reduce acute tissue injury caused by systemic inflammation and lung dysfunction. This study evaluated the role of BMMNCs in reducing systemic inflammatory responses to vascular endothelial injury in sepsis.

Bone marrow-derived mononuclear cell therapy can attenuate systemic inflammation in rat heatstroke.

Background: This study was performed to gain insights into novel therapeutic approaches for acute systemic inflammation in heatstroke. Bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells (BMMNCs) secrete anti-inflammatory proteins and have protective effects against acute inflammation. Recent evidence suggested that transplantation of BMMNCs can reduce the acute tissue injury caused by regional myocardial reperfusion and the lung dysfunction induced by lipopolysaccharides.

Delay of computed tomography is associated with poor outcome in patients with blunt traumatic aortic injury: A nationwide observational study in Japan.

According to guidelines from the Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma, computed tomography (CT) with intravenous contrast is strongly recommended to diagnose clinically significant blunt traumatic aortic injury (BTAI). However, it remains unclear whether the timing of CT scanning is associated with the prognosis of BTAI patients.We extracted data on emergency patients who suffered a BTAI in the chest and/or the abdomen from 2004 to 2015 from the Japanese Trauma Data Bank, a nationwide trauma registry.

Surveillance on The Safety and Efficacy of Ambrisentan (Volibris Tablet 2.5 mg) in Patients with Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension in Real Clinical Practice: Post-marketing Surveillance (Interim Analysis Report).

Background And Objective: Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is an intractable and rare disease and the accumulation of clinical evidence under real-world setting is needed. A post-marketing surveillance for the endothelin receptor antagonist ambrisentan (Volibris tablet) has been conducted by all-case investigation since September 2010. This paper is an interim report on the safety and efficacy of ambrisentan in 702 patients with PAH.