Microwave Flow: A Perspective on Reactor and Microwave Configurations and the Emergence of Tunable Single-Mode Heating Toward Large-Scale Applications.

Microwave heating in chemical reactions was first reported in 1986. There have since been many reports employing microwave heating in organic chemistry, where microwave heating has afforded higher yields of products in shorter time periods. However, such reactions are challenging to scale in batch due to the limited penetration depth of microwaves as well as the wave propagation dependence on cavity size.

[Intracerebral hemorrhage after intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) therapy for acute cerebral infarction in a patient with ANCA-associated vasculitis].

We report the case of a 68-year-old man who suddenly developed right hemiparesis. MRI of the brain revealed a new infarction in the left corona radiata, and intravenous rt-PA was administered 100 minutes after the onset of symptoms. After the rt-PA infusion was started, his consciousness declined and the CT revealed bilateral intracerebral hemorrhage.

Predictive Factors for Excellent or Extremely Poor Functional Outcome in Initial Atrial Fibrillation-Related Cardioembolic Stroke.

Background: We aimed to determine the predictive factors for excellent or extremely poor functional outcome in patients with first-ever atrial fibrillation (AF)-related cardioembolic stroke.

Methods: Retrospective observational study from a database. Patients with AF-related cardioembolic stroke with a premorbid modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score of 0 or 1 and without a previous history of stroke were included.

Clinical characteristics of atrial fibrillation-related cardioembolic stroke in patients aged 80 years or older.

Aim: Atrial fibrillation (AF)-related cardioembolic stroke is a serious problem in the aging society. The present study examined the clinical characteristics and outcomes of AF-related cardioembolic stroke in patients aged ≥80 years.

Methods: Between September 2011 and April 2014, consecutive patients with ischemic stroke and AF were retrospectively extracted from the multicenter database.

Pure dysarthria and dysarthria-facial paresis syndrome due to internal capsule and/or corona radiata infarction.

Background: Pure dysarthria (PD) and dysarthria-facial paresis syndrome (DFP) mainly result from lenticulostriate artery territory infarction. PD and DFP are rare clinical entities, often grouped without distinction. The purpose of this study was to examine clinical and radiographic differences between PD and DFP due to unilateral internal capsule and/or corona radiata infarction.

Controlled Microwave Heating Accelerates Rolling Circle Amplification.

Rolling circle amplification (RCA) generates single-stranded DNAs or RNA, and the diverse applications of this isothermal technique range from the sensitive detection of nucleic acids to analysis of single nucleotide polymorphisms. Microwave chemistry is widely applied to increase reaction rate as well as product yield and purity. The objectives of the present research were to apply microwave heating to RCA and indicate factors that contribute to the microwave selective heating effect.

Pre-admission CHADS2, CHA2DS2-VASc, and R2CHADS2 Scores on Severity and Functional Outcome in Acute Ischemic Stroke with Atrial Fibrillation.

Background: We examined the association between pre-admission risk scores and severity on admission and functional outcome in acute ischemic stroke with atrial fibrillation (AF).

Methods: Between September 2011 and April 2014, we retrospectively extracted consecutive ischemic stroke patients with AF whose pre-admission modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score was 2 or less from our prospective database. Pre-admission CHADS2, CHA2DS2-VASc, and R2CHADS2 scores were calculated in each patient, and their association with the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score on admission or unfavorable outcome (mRS ≥ 3 at 3 months from the onset) was assessed.

[Case of cerebellar and spinal cord infarction presenting with acute brachial diplegia due to right vertebral artery occlusion].

A 73-year-old man was admitted for evaluation of sudden onset of dizziness, bilateral shoulder pain, and brachial diplegia. Neurological examination revealed severe bilateral weakness of the triceps brachii, wrist flexor, and wrist extensor muscles. There was no paresis of the lower limbs.

[A case of subacute necrotizing lymphadenitis with recurrent aseptic meningitis associated with persistent high titer of anti-nuclear antibody occurring over a short period of time].

A 35-year-old woman developed recurrent aseptic meningitis three times over a period of 16 months. Each episode followed swelling of her cervical lymph nodes. During the third episode, microscopic findings of biopsied specimens from a cervical lymph node indicated subacute necrotizing lymphadenitis (SNL).

[Elderly hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia female with portosystemic encephalopathy].

We present a 71-year-old woman with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) who at age 69, had undergone total gastrectomy because of repeated upper gastrointestinal bleeding. A day prior to admission she began to demonstrate abnormal behavior. Examination showed she was restless and had higher brain dysfunction.

Microwave assisted rolling circle amplification.

The Rolling Circle Amplification is an effective method of DNA amplification having tandem repeated sequences. Firstly, the template sequence is designed to form a circular structure by the annealing with the primer. The thermostable polymerase is catalyzed to primer and circular template DNA.

Estimation of DNA polymerase for improvement of rolling circle amplification.

Rolling Circle Amplification (RCA) is a technique to amplify the oligoncleotides containing tandemly repetitive sequence motif. Various repetitive sequences of which the motif unit is the circular template can be synthesized by extending the primer. Additionally, RCA need not change the temperature regulatory processes like PCR, but RCA has the gene amplification efficiency similar to PCR.

[MRI and SPECT findings in a case of metronidazole-induced reversible acute cerebellar ataxia].

A 69-year-old man was referred to our department because of acute onset nausea, vomiting, dysphagia, dysarthria and gait disturbance. He had a 50-day-history of amebic dysentery and had been treated with 1,500 mg metronidazole per day. Neurological examination revealed dysphagia, ataxic speech, ataxia of the left extremities and the trunk, and hyperactive deep tendon reflexes in all extremities.

[Primary progressive multiple sclerosis as a differential diagnosis of ALS: a case report].

A 44-year-old man was admitted to our hospital because of a five year history of chronic progressive gait disturbance. Neurological examination revealed mild weakness and atrophy of the upper extremities, but severe of the lower ones, and without sphincter disturbance or apparent sensory impairment. Hyperreflexia and positive pathological reflexes of the lower extremities were apparent.