A prospective study of the association between lifestyle and the risk of depressive symptoms.

Background: Few studies have prospectively, comprehensively, and by sex, examined the relationship between lifestyle and depressive symptoms. This study aimed to longitudinally examine which lifestyle factors are associated with depressive symptoms in a large cohort of Japanese participants stratified by sex.

Methods: Among 9087 office and community-based residents who attended a health measurement course at the Osaka Medical Center for Health Science and Promotion between 2001 and 2002, 6629 individuals (3962 men and 2667 women) without prior depressive symptoms were followed until the end of March 2012 to observe the associations between lifestyle factors and the development of new depressive symptoms.

Correction: Eating speed and height loss in relation to overweight: A retrospective study.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

Relationship between Ikigai and longitudinal changes in serum HDL cholesterol levels: the Circulatory Risk in Communities Study (CIRCS).

Background: Having positive psychological well-being has been associated with serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC), but no longitudinal study to date has examined the association between Ikigai and serum HDLC. Therefore, we examined the association between Ikigai and change in serum HDLC over time using a cohort dataset spanning 2010-2018.

Methods: The study included 471 men and 776 women aged 40-74 years who underwent a cardiovascular examination in 2010 and were asked their levels of Ikigai.

Medical and exercise consultation use for low back and knee pain among cardiovascular mass screening population: A cross-sectional study.

Low back and knee pain, as major symptoms and early signs of osteoarthritis, have restricted healthy life expectancy, and numerous guidelines have recommended therapeutic exercise as the first-line treatment for chronic pain. Proportions of medical and exercise consultation use for those pain have been unclear, and these may change in the future. We performed a cross-sectional study of 2,954 persons aged over 30 years in 2017 as a part of the Circulatory Risk in Communities Study.

Retirement status after the age of 60 years modifies the association between anger expression and the risk of cardiovascular disease: The Circulatory Risk in Communities Study.

Aim: Anger expression is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. This positive association was confined to individuals with lower perceived social support and outdoor recreational activity. However, the effects of retirement status remain unclear.

Association between smoking and height loss in Japanese workers: A retrospective study.

Height loss is reported to be an independent risk factor for all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. Smoking, which is responsible for a considerable proportion of deaths due to any cause, is also associated with lumbar disc degeneration, a major risk factor for height loss. Therefore, smoking could be an independent risk factor for height loss.

HbA1c and height loss among Japanese workers: A retrospective study.

Evaluating the risk of height loss could be an efficient way to evaluate endothelial health, which might be associated with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. Diabetes is an established risk factor both for intervertebral disk degeneration and osteoporosis-related fractures, which are major risk factors for height loss among adults. Therefore, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), as an indicator of the presence of diabetes, could be positively associated with height loss.

Association between serum albumin levels and height loss in Japanese workers: a retrospective study.

Background: Height loss starting in middle age was previously shown to be associated with high cardiovascular mortality in later life. However, the factors associated with height loss remain unknown. Since low serum albumin levels are reported to be associated with high mortality caused by cardiovascular disease, they may also contribute to height loss.

Longitudinal trajectories of smoking status using 25 year annually-updated data and all-cause mortality followed over 30 years: A community-based prospective cohort study.

We aimed to evaluate the long-term risk of smoking for all-cause mortality according to smoking status trajectories using 25-year annually-repeated input, traced by group-based trajectory modeling with an extension to account for non-random participant attrition or truncation due to death. We examined 2682 men and 4317 women aged 40 to 59 years who participated in annual health checks for the community-based prospective cohort study, 1975-1984 enrollment in Japan. The main outcome measure was all-cause mortality (follow-up period: median 30.

Serum folate and risk of disabling dementia: a community-based nested case-control study.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to examine associations between serum folate levels and risk of disabling dementia that required care under the national insurance (disabling dementia).

Methods: We performed a nested case-control study in a community-based cohort, the Circulatory Risk in Communities Study, involving 13,934 Japanese individuals aged 40-84 years at the baseline period of 1984-2005. Serum folate was measured in 578 cases of incident disabling dementia, and in 1,156 controls whose age (±1 years), sex, area of residence, and baseline year were matched with the cases.

Total protein intake and subsequent risk of chronic kidney disease: the Circulatory Risk in Communities Study.

Background: Whether dietary protein intake worsens renal function in the general population has been discussed but not yet determined. We aimed to examine the longitudinal association between dietary protein intake and risk of incident chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Methods: We conducted a 12-year follow-up study with 3,277 Japanese adults (1,150 men and 2,127 women) aged 40-74 years, initially free from CKD, who participated in cardiovascular risk surveys from two Japanese communities under the Circulatory Risk in Communities Study.

Eating speed and height loss in relation to overweight: A retrospective study.

Fast eating is an independent risk factor for weight gain. Our previous study involving Japanese workers revealed that overweight (body mass index ≥ 25.0 kg/m2) is an independent risk factor for height loss.

Relationships of habitual daily alcohol consumption with all-day and time-specific average glucose levels among non-diabetic population samples.

Background: Alcohol consumption is a prevalent behavior that is bi-directionally related to the risk of type 2 diabetes. However, the effect of daily alcohol consumption on glucose levels in real-world situations in the general population has not been well elucidated. This study aimed to clarify the relationship between alcohol consumption and all-day and time-specific glucose levels among non-diabetic individuals.

Sex- and age-specific impacts of smoking, overweight/obesity, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus in the development of disabling dementia in a Japanese population.

Background: Sex- and age-specific impacts of cardiovascular risk factors on the development of dementia have not been well evaluated. We investigated these impacts of smoking, overweight/obesity, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus on the risk of disabling dementia.

Methods: The study participants were 25,029 (10,134 men and 14,895 women) Japanese aged 40-74 years without disabling dementia at baseline (2008-2013).

Modifying Effect of Outdoor Recreational Activity on the Association Between Anger Expression and Cardiovascular Disease Risk: The Circulatory Risk in Communities Study.

Objective: Outdoor recreational activity (ORA) has been suggested as a practical strategy for anger management to moderate the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, there is a lack of evidence pertaining to this topic. Our aim was to examine whether ORA modified the association between anger expression and the risk of CVD.

Nocturnal Intermittent Hypoxia and the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease among Japanese Populations: The Circulatory Risk in Communities Study (CIRCS).

Aims: Information is limited about the influence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) on developing cardiovascular disease (CVD) among Asian community-dwelling populations. We examined the association between nocturnal intermittent hypoxia as a surrogate marker of OSA and the risk of CVD in a Japanese community-based cohort study.

Methods: We used baseline surveys from 2000 to 2008 to study the cohort data of 5,313 residents from three Japanese communities who were between the ages of 40 and 74 years and initially free from ischemic heart disease and stroke.

Changes in cardiovascular disease risk factors during menopausal transition in Japanese women: the Circulatory Risk in Communities Study (CIRCS).

Objective: We aimed to longitudinally clarify the changes in cardiovascular disease risk factors associated with menopause in Japanese women in the 2000s.

Methods: Of the 4,596 women who underwent health examinations between 2007 and 2012 in three communities of the Circulatory Risk in Communities Study, 263 women who reported going through menopause during that period were included in the study. We randomly selected 1,665 men as control subjects who participated in a health examination at least once between 2001 and 2009 and at least once between 2010 and 2018 by 1:1 pair-matching for age, community, and examination year.

Trends in the incidence of stroke and its subtypes from 1963 to 2018 in Japanese urban and rural communities: The Circulatory Risk in Communities Study (CIRCS).

Background: Few studies have provided observational data on long-term trends in the incidence of stroke and its subtypes, and shown the urban-rural disparities of stroke incidence in Japan.

Methods: A multiple-source, community-based stroke surveillance was performed since 1963/1964 to determine all first-ever stroke cases among Japanese residents aged ⩾40 years living in the Minami-Takayasu district in Yao city, an urban community, and Ikawa town, a rural community. Sex-specific, age-standardized incidence per 1000/year with 95% confidence intervals was calculated during seven periods of 1963/1964-1971 (urban population (% men): 3242 (47.

Risk factors for pre-heart failure or symptomatic heart failure based on NT-proBNP.

Aims: Evidence on the risk factors for incident heart failure in Asia has been limited. We sought to identify the risk factors for pre-heart failure or symptomatic heart failure, based on N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), in the Japanese general population.

Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study based on the Circulatory Risk in Communities Study involving 5335 Japanese individuals whose NT-proBNP levels were measured between 2010 and 2015.

Trends for the Association between Body Mass Index and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease among the Japanese Population: The Circulatory Risk in Communities Study (CIRCS).

Aim: This study aimed to investigate whether the impact of body mass index (BMI) on the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) has changed among the 1960s, 1970s, 1980s, 1990s, and early 2000s in Japan.

Methods: The study population consisted of residents in Japan aged 40-69 years who had no history of CVD. The baseline surveys have been conducted every year since 1963.

Serum High-Sensitivity Cardiac Troponin T as an Independent Predictor for Incident Coronary Heart Disease in the Japanese General Population: The Circulatory Risk in Communities Study (CIRCS).

Aims: Epidemiological evidence is extremely limited about high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) and future coronary heart disease (CHD) events for the general population in countries with low mortality from CHD. Therefore, we investigated the association between hs-cTnT levels and the risk of incident CHD using a nested case-control study in a large Japanese cohort study.

Methods: The participants were residents of four Japanese communities in the Circulatory Risk in Communities Study (CIRCS).

Dietary fiber intake and risk of incident disabling dementia: the Circulatory Risk in Communities Study.

Objectives: It has been hypothesized that dietary fiber intake has a beneficial impact on prevention of dementia, but the epidemiological evidence is scant. We sought to examine whether dietary fiber intake is inversely associated with risk of dementia requiring care under the national insurance (disabling dementia).

Methods: The study setting was the Circulatory Risk in Communities Study, involving 3739 Japanese individuals aged 40-64 years at the dietary surveys (1985-99).