[A case of ganglioglioma extended to the lateral ventricle and associated with neurofibromatosis type 1].

We encountered a rare case of intraventricular ganglioglioma associated with neurofibromatosis type 1. A 42-year-old woman presented with a feeling of heaviness of the head and dizziness. She was diagnosed with neurofibromatosis type 1 because she had multiple subcutaneous neurofibromas and café au lait spots.

A case of choroid plexus papilloma with stromal sclerosis and indistinct papillary structures.

We present a case of choroid plexus papilloma with unusual histopathological findings. A 41-year-old Japanese man presented with dizziness. Brain magnetic resonance imaging scan showed a distinct mass in the fourth ventricle.

Sonodynamic therapy with 5-aminolevulinic acid and focused ultrasound for deep-seated intracranial glioma in rat.

Background: 5-Aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) has already been applied clinically as a photosensitizer. In this study, sonodynamically induced selective antitumour effect of 5-ALA for deep-seated lesions was evaluated.

Materials And Methods: First, normal rat brains were sonicated via a transducer placed on the dural surface to confirm safe acoustic conditions for normal rat brains.

Radiation-induced astrocytoma with rapid malignant transformation: case report.

A 23-year-old man was admitted with a rare case of radiation-induced astrocytoma manifesting as 3-month history of unstable gait. He had received 50 Gy of irradiation therapy for a germ cell tumor in the right basal ganglia 13 years earlier. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging on admission showed a non-enhanced mass lesion in the right cerebellar hemisphere with expansion to the vermis.

Endoscopic management of a traumatic meningo-encephalocele through a planum sphenoidale defect: case report.

A 37-year-old man involved in a motor vehicle accident was admitted to our hospital with disturbed consciousness. Computed tomography (CT) showed an acute, right-sided epidural hematoma and pneumocephalus. Emergency evacuation of the acute epidural hematoma was carried out, and his condition gradually recovered.

Subependymoma with prominent rosenthal fiber formation: case report.

A 62-year-old woman presented with a rare case of subependymoma associated with prominent Rosenthal fibers located in the left lateral ventricle manifesting as right hemiparesis and mild motor aphasia. The tumor was well demarcated and consisted of clusters of round nuclei embedded in an abundant gliofibrillary matrix with some microcysts and prominent Rosenthal fibers. Immunohistochemically, the tumor stained positively for glial fibrillary acidic protein and negatively for synaptophysin.

Clinicopathological characteristics in patients presenting with acute onset of symptoms caused by Rathke's cleft cysts.

Background: Symptomatic Rathke's cleft cyst is usually accompanied by a long history of headache, visual disturbance, and hypopituitarism; however, rare cases present with acute onset and the clinical features in such cases remain uncertain. We report herein the clinical features of Rathke's cleft cyst with acute onset and discuss the clinical significance.

Method: In this study, we defined acute onset as the clinical course with clinical symptoms within a 7-day history.

[A case of herpetic meningoencephalitis associated with massive intracerebral hemorrhage during acyclovir treatment: a rare complication].

We report a case of a 35-year-old female with herpetic meningoencephalitis confirmed by polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemical study for herpes simplex virus-1 accompanied with a massive intracerebral hematoma as a complication. A hematoma localized at the medial temporal lobe and the medial frontal lobe occurred on the 11th day after initiation of acyclovir treatment. She subsequently required emergency surgery for temporal lobectomy, as well as hematoma and external decompression.

Primary yolk sac tumor within the lateral ventricle.

A 13-year-old girl presented with an exceedingly rare case of primary yolk sac tumor located within the lateral ventricle, manifesting as headache, nausea, and diplopia. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a 4-cm-diameter solid enhanced mass within the left inferior horn of the lateral ventricle. The tumor was removed subtotally via left middle temporal corticotomy.

Sonodynamic therapy consisting of focused ultrasound and a photosensitizer causes a selective antitumor effect in a rat intracranial glioma model.

Unlabelled: In this study we sought to determine the optimal focused ultrasound acoustic conditions with photosensitizers for the ablation of experimental intracranial glioma in rats.

Materials And Methods: Normal rat brains were sonicated via a transducer placed on the dural surface with or without a prior intravenous injection of the photosensitizer Rose Bengal (50 mg/kg of body weight). The ultrasound intensity was varied to 25, 110 or 150 W/cm(2), and the duration of irradiation was 10 s, or 1, 3, or 5 min.

Management of pilomyxoid astrocytomas: our experience.

Background: Pilomyxoid astrocytoma (PMA) shows a higher rate of recurrence and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) dissemination than does pilocytic astrocytoma (PA). In this article, we discuss the treatment of PMA.

Materials And Methods: Between 1992 and 2007, the authors treated 5 patients.

Efficacy of temozolomide treatment in patients with high-grade glioma.

Background: Numerous studies have reported the clinical efficacy of temozolomide (TMZ) treatment for high-grade glioma, but information on Japanese populations has been limited. This study assessed the safety and early outcomes of TMZ treatment, with or without combination therapy.

Patients And Methods: The subjects comprised ten patients with high-grade glioma [glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), n=3, gliosarcoma (GS), n=1, anaplastic oligodendroglioma (AO), n=3, anaplastic mixed oligoastrocytoma (AOA), n=1, and anaplastic ependymoma (AE), n=2].

Mechanism of photofrin-enhanced ultrasound-induced human glioma cell death.

Background: Low-intensity ultrasound showed tumor cell killing by a non-thermal effect in human leukemia cells. The aim of our study was to investigate the efficacy of low-intensity ultrasound on malignant astrocytic tumor cells with the photosensitizer, Photofrin, which is taken up by the cell surface receptor, low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein/alpha2-macroglobulin receptor (LRP/alpha2MR).

Materials And Methods: Cells were sonicated with continuous wave ultrasound with or without the presence of Photofrin (75 mg/ml) at an intensity of 0.

Effects of focused ultrasound sonodynamic treatment on the rat blood-brain barrier.

Background: Ultrasound has recently been applied to the treatment as well as the diagnosis of various pathologies, and its antitumor effects in the treatment of human cancer and experimental models of cancer have been demonstrated. In addition, it is possible that certain photosensitizers will enhance the antitumor effects of ultrasound. However, very few studies have been reported on how the blood-brain barrier is affected by sonodynamic therapy.

A case of a heavily pigmented orbital melanocytoma.

We present an extremely rare case of an orbital melanocytoma that occurred in a 51-year-old man. The patient suffered from diplopia and mild exophthalmos of the right eye for 2 months. Brain magnetic resonance imaging showed a well-demarcated round mass 3.

Ruptured tectal arteriovenous malformation demonstrated angiographically after removal of an unruptured occipital lobe arteriovenous malformation.

We report a case of ruptured tectal arteriovenous malformation (AVM) that was demonstrated angiographically only after removal of an unruptured occipital AVM. A 57-year-old man presented with sudden onset of diplopia and tinnitus. Computed tomography revealed a small hemorrhage in the right tectum mesencephali with intraventricular hemorrhage.

Cavernous malformation of the ventral midbrain successfully removed via a transsylvian-transpeduncular approach: case report.

A 37-year-old woman presented with a rare cavernous malformation of the ventral midbrain with brainstem hemorrhage manifesting as sudden onset of headache and vomiting. The lesion was removed successfully through a transsylvian approach and a medial peduncular route. Postoperatively, her oculomotor nerve paresis worsened temporarily, but diplopia disappeared 2 months after surgery.

Potential neural progenitor cells in fetal liver and regenerating liver.

From unfractionated embryonic mice liver cells, appreciable amount of spherical bodies containing nestin-positive cells were generated in the presence of neuronal growth factors. Following cultivation on poly-D: -lysine/laminin-coated slips, approximately 70% of the cells expressed neuronal markers, and 16% had long processes. Functional analysis of these long-process-bearing cells with the whole-cell patch clamp method showed an inward current in response to glutamate, GABA, and serotonin as the neuronal characteristics.

[Case of idiopathic hypertrophic pachymeningitis presenting with hyperostosis].

We report a case of idiopathic hypertrophic pachymeningitis presenting with cranial hyperostosis. A 64-year-old man had suffered from pulsating headache during the last 3 months. CT showed bony thickening of the sphenoid ridge, and MRI with Gd-DTPA revealed a linear or nodular enhanced mass along the left sphenoid ridge, extending to the anterior and middle cranial fossae and cavernous sinus.

Metastatic adenocarcinoma in the brain: magnetic resonance imaging with pathological correlations to mucin content.

Background: Hypointense signal appearance of metastatic adenocarcinoma on T2-weighted imaging (T2-WI) has been infrequently documented. The purpose of this report was to evaluate the degree to which mucin content affects signal manifestations on conventional MR imaging.

Patients And Methods: This series of 24 cases with intracerebral metastatic adenocarcinoma was assessed retrospectively, focusing on the association between hypointense appearance on T2-WI and intratumoral mucin content.

Congenital medulloblastoma with atypical MRI appearance.

A 13-day-old female infant was admitted with hydrocephalus that had been diagnosed on prenatal ultrasound at 33 weeks' gestation. She was delivered by Caesarean section at 34 weeks with an Apgar score of 10. On admission, she weighed 2,103 g.