Reversible CO Fixation and Release by a Trinuclear Zn(II) Cryptate Complex and Operando Analysis of the Complex Structure.

Metal complexes inspired by carbonic anhydrase (CA), which is a metalloenzyme containing Zn(II), have been investigated as alternatives for CO fixation systems operating under ambient temperature and pressure conditions. In this study, we designed a trinuclear Zn(II) cryptate complex (Zn L) and demonstrated rapid CO fixation with carbonation of CO using Zn L. The CO fixation performance of Zn L surpassed that of a standard CO absorbent, KOH(aq) solution, under conditions of the same solute concentration.

Ni-modified β-FeOOH nanorod cocatalysts for oxygen evolution utilising photoexcited holes on a N 2p level in a N-doped TiO electrode.

Traditionally, N-doped TiO (N-TiO) has been regarded as unsuitable for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) under visible light. Ni-modified β-FeOOH nanorod cocatalysts enabled to use N 2p holes in the N-TiO photoanode induced by 400-500 nm visible light photons for the OER, enhancing anodic photocurrent of N-TiO with 13-fold with 100% faradaic efficiency.

Solar-Driven CO Reduction Using a Semiconductor/Molecule Hybrid Photosystem: From Photocatalysts to a Monolithic Artificial Leaf.

The synthesis of organic chemicals from HO and CO using solar energy is important for recycling CO through cyclical use of chemical ingredients produced from CO or molecular energy carriers based on CO. Similar to photosynthesis in plants, the CO molecules are reduced by electrons and protons, which are extracted from HO molecules, to produce O. This reaction is uphill; therefore, the solar energy is stored as the chemical bonding energy in the organic molecules.

Enhanced electrochemical CO reduction selectivity by application of self-assembled polymer microparticles to a silver electrode.

The electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 to CO using an Ag electrode in an aqueous solution was enhanced following modification of the cathode surface with high-density self-assembled polystyrene microspheres. The modified electrode exhibited improved water repellency, which is believed to have increased its selectivity for the reduction of gaseous CO2.

Novel pathogenic gene mutations in Japanese patients with chorea-acanthocytosis.

Objective: To identify mutations in () for Japanese patients with suspected chorea-acanthocytosis (ChAc).

Methods: We performed a comprehensive mutation screen, including sequencing and copy number variation (CNV) analysis of the gene, and chorein Western blotting of erythrocyte ghosts. As the results of the analysis, 17 patients were molecularly diagnosed with ChAc.

Molecular Catalysts Immobilized on Semiconductor Photosensitizers for Proton Reduction toward Visible-Light-Driven Overall Water Splitting.

Photocatalytic or photoelectrochemical hydrogen production by water splitting is one of the key reactions for the development of an energy supply that enables a clean energy system for a future sustainable society. Utilization of solar photon energy for the uphill water splitting reaction is a promising technology, and therefore many systems using semiconductor photocatalysts and semiconductor photoelectrodes for the reaction producing hydrogen and dioxygen in a 2:1 stoichiometric ratio have been reported. In these systems, molecular catalysts are also considered to be feasible; recently, systems based on molecular catalysts conjugated with semiconductor photosensitizers have been used for photoinduced hydrogen generation by proton reduction.

Solar-driven CO to CO reduction utilizing HO as an electron donor by earth-abundant Mn-bipyridine complex and Ni-modified Fe-oxyhydroxide catalysts activated in a single-compartment reactor.

Photoelectrochemical CO2 to CO reduction was demonstrated with 3.4% solar-to-chemical conversion efficiency using polycrystalline silicon photovoltaic cells connected with earth-abundant catalysts: a manganese complex polymer for CO2 reduction and iron oxyhydroxide modified with a nickel compound for water oxidation. The system operated around neutral pH in a single-compartment reactor.

Electrocatalytic CO reduction near the theoretical potential in water using Ru complex supported on carbon nanotubes.

We successfully developed a highly efficient electrode for CO reduction using a Ru-complex catalyst ([Ru]) supported on carbon paper coated with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CPCNT/[Ru]). The CPCNT/[Ru] electrode promoted the CO reduction reaction in aqueous solution near the theoretical potential, and produced formate linearly with a current density of greater than 0.9 mA cm at -0.

A patient with Alzheimer's disease complicated by elderly-onset Cushing's syndrome who had undergone surgical treatment for adrenocorticotropic hormone-independent macronodular adrenal hyperplasia.

Cushing's syndrome (CS) is a rare disorder, especially in older people. Loss of brain volume and neurocognitive impairment of varying degrees has been demonstrated in patients with CS. However, there is a large difference between the median age of presentation of CS and that of Alzheimer's disease.

Toward Solar-Driven Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction Using Water as an Electron Donor.

Developing a system for the production of organic chemicals via CO2 reduction is an important area of research that has the potential to address global warming and fossil fuel consumption. In addition, CO2 reduction promotes carbon source recycling. Solar energy is the largest exploitable resource among renewable energy resources, providing more energy to Earth per hour than the total energy consumed by humans in 1 year.

Structural improvement of CaFe₂O₄ by metal doping toward enhanced cathodic photocurrent.

Various metal-doped p-type CaFe2O4 photocathodes were prepared in an attempt to improve the low quantum efficiency for photoreaction. CuO and Au doping enhanced the photocurrent by expansion of the absorption wavelength region and plasmon resonance, respectively. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) analysis showed that doping with these metals further disturbed the originally distorted crystal structure of CaFe2O4.

Nitrogen and transition-metal codoped titania nanotube arrays for visible-light-sensitive photoelectrochemical water oxidation.

Vertically aligned titanium dioxide nanotube (TNT) arrays codoped with nitrogen and 3d transition metals were successfully fabricated using anodization and nitridation processes. The codoping of N and Fe yielded the highest visible-light-induced photoelectrochemical water oxidation due to bandgap narrowing of impurity levels by N and Fe.

Selective CO2 conversion to formate in water using a CZTS photocathode modified with a ruthenium complex polymer.

Highly selective photoelectrochemical CO(2) reduction (>80% selectivity) in water was successfully achieved by combining Cu(2)ZnSnS(4) (CZTS) with a metal-complex electrocatalyst. CZTS, a sulfide semiconductor that possesses a narrow band gap and consists of earth-abundant elements, is demonstrated to be a candidate photoabsorber for a CO(2) reduction hybrid photocatalyst.

Selective CO2 conversion to formate conjugated with H2O oxidation utilizing semiconductor/complex hybrid photocatalysts.

Photoelectrochemical reduction of CO(2) to HCOO(-) (formate) over p-type InP/Ru complex polymer hybrid photocatalyst was highly enhanced by introducing an anchoring complex into the polymer. By functionally combining the hybrid photocatalyst with TiO(2) for water oxidation, selective photoreduction of CO(2) to HCOO(-) was achieved in aqueous media, in which H(2)O was used as both an electron donor and a proton source. The so-called Z-scheme (or two-step photoexcitation) system operated with no external electrical bias.

Expression of galanin and galanin receptor mRNA in skin during the formation of granulation tissue.

Galanin is a neuropeptide widely distributed in the central and peripheral nervous systems. Although its role in non-neural cells is poorly understood, it is known that during inflammation, the dermis layer of the skin produces and releases galanin. The aim of this report is to study the expression of galanin in granulation tissue.

Photoelectrochemical reduction of CO(2) in water under visible-light irradiation by a p-type InP photocathode modified with an electropolymerized ruthenium complex.

Photoelectrochemical reduction of CO(2) to HCOO(-) was successfully achieved by a p-type InP photocathode modified with an electropolymerized ruthenium complex in water. This technique decreased the required applied potential for CO(2) reduction by utilizing solar energy. The carbon and proton sources of HCOO(-) were identified by a tracer experiment to be CO(2) and H(2)O, respectively.

Parkin stabilizes PINK1 through direct interaction.

Parkinson disease (PD) is the most common movement disorder and is characterized by dopaminergic dysfunction. The majority of PD cases are sporadic; however, the discovery of genes linked to rare familial forms of the disease has provided crucial insight into the molecular mechanisms of disease pathogenesis. Multiple genes mediating familial forms of Parkinson's disease (PD) have been identified, such as parkin (PARK2) and phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome ten (PTEN)-induced putative kinase 1: PINK1 (PARK6).

Complete oxidation of acetaldehyde and toluene over a Pd/WO(3) photocatalyst under fluorescent- or visible-light irradiation.

Acetaldehyde was completely oxidized to CO(2) over a Pd/WO(3) photocatalyst under fluorescent-light irradiation in a flow-type reactor, and Pd/WO(3) was also used to completely oxidize toluene to CO(2) in a batch reactor under visible-light irradiation.

Pseudoathetosis caused by migrated cervical disc.

Although pseudoathetosis has been described in various conditions, it has been rarely reported in patients with epidural lesions. We report the first case of a patient with pseudoathetosis caused by a migrated cervical disc. The patient was a 76-year-old woman who presented with progressive clumsiness of the hands and athetotic movements.

Up-regulation of hMUTYH, a DNA repair enzyme, in the mitochondria of substantia nigra in Parkinson's disease.

There is ample evidence for the involvement of oxidative stress in mitochondrial DNA damage and repair mechanisms in Parkinson's disease (PD). The human MutY homolog (hMUTYH) which removes misincorporated adenine opposite 8-oxoG in DNA functions in post-replication, and is localized in the nuclei and mitochondria. We hypothesized that hMUTYH is involved in the disease process of PD.

Photoelectrochemical decomposition of water into H2 and O2 on porous BiVO4 thin-film electrodes under visible light and significant effect of Ag ion treatment.

The photoelectrochemical properties of porous BiVO4 thin-film electrodes on conducting glass for H2 production from water under visible light were investigated. BiVO4 films were prepared by the metal-organic decomposition method, and particles were 90-150 nm in diameter. Under visible-light irradiation, H2 and O2 evolved in a stoichiometric ratio (H2/O2 = 2) from an aqueous solution of Na2SO4 with an external bias.

Formable acrylic treatment for ingrowing nail with gutter splint and sculptured nail.

Background: The treatment of choice for an ingrowing nail has been surgical rather than nonsurgical. Yet, surgical treatments are far from successful, cause pain and patient apprehension, and leave disfigurement. Further, there is misunderstanding about the disease pathophysiology.

Intracellular fatty acid downregulates ob gene expression in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.

The effect of intracellular free fatty acid (FFA) accumulation on ob gene expression in adipocytes was examined. In fully differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes, triacsin C, a specific acyl CoA synthetase inhibitor with a K(i) of 8.97 microM, inhibited ob gene expression by 20% at 5 x 10(-5)M.