Severe cervical kyphosis in a young adult with fixed dropped head syndrome, dysphagia, and myelopathy: A case report.

Background: Several reports exist on syndromic cervical kyphosis in the elderly, including dropped head syndrome, degenerative spondylosis, and neurological diseases; however, it is rarely reported in young patients especially with complications.

Case Presentation: We describe a case of a 25-year-old man who presented severe cervical kyphosis with dropped head syndrome, horizontal-gaze disorder, dysphagia, and myelopathy. The etiology of this cervical kyphosis was suspected to be as a result of a combination of an underlying developmental disorder and habitual, long-term cervical flexion postures while engaging in smartphone games.

Bilateral bipartite carpal scaphoid: a case report and literature review.

Congenital bipartite carpal scaphoid has been reported as an extremely rare congenital anomaly. We report a case of a 47-year-old man who was found with bilateral bipartite carpal scaphoids with no history of injury. Radiographs demonstrated symmetric findings of the distinct bipartition of the scaphoid without obvious degenerative change in both wrists.

Ossification of the posterior atlantoaxial membrane. Case report.

The authors report a case of ossification of the posterior atlantoaxial membrane that led to the development of cervical myelopathy. Computerized tomography and magnetic resonance imaging were helpful in establishing the diagnosis, and decompressive laminectomy may be an appropriate intervention.

Three cases of spinal cord tumor originating from the second cervical nerve root.

Determination of the level of spinal cord tumors that develop around the foramen magnum or high cervical region can be difficult, because the symptoms of such tumors are quite variable. The surgical approach to use in such cases remains controversial. We describe here three cases of spinal cord tumor originating from the second cervical nerve root.

Pathology study of rabbit calf muscles after repeated compression.

: To elucidate the pathogenesis of chronic compartment syndrome, we examined pathological changes in the soleus (red) and extensor digitorum longus (EDL; white) muscles in Japanese white rabbits after repeated compression with a pneumatic tourniquet. Repeated tourniquet compression via cuff inflation was carried out on the rabbits, calves daily, for 2 h, then stopped for 30 min, and then applied for another 2 h. The contralateral hindlimb, which was not compressed, served as a control.

The action of prostaglandin E2 and triamcinolone acetonide on the firing activity of lumbar nerve roots.

Sciatica, due to lumbar disc herniation, is understood electrophysiogically to be an ectopic firing originating from a nerve root. The recent concept of chemical radiculitis implies the involvement, not only of mechanical compression, but also of chemical mediators which contribute to the generation of ectopic firing. The present study demonstrates that prostaglandin E2, a chemical mediator of inflammation, provoked the ectopic firing of nerve roots in a canine in vitro model which indicates that it may play a part in the irritation of nerve roots.

The effects of mechanical compression and hypoxia on nerve root and dorsal root ganglia. An analysis of ectopic firing using an in vitro model.

Study Design: This study analyzed in vitro experiments of ectopic firing evoked by mechanical compression or hypoxia of canine lumbar dorsal roots with dorsal root ganglia using an in vitro model.

Objectives: The results were correlated to understand the pathophysiology of radiculopathy, which manifests abnormal sensation and pain.

Summary Of Background Data: It has been speculated that blood flow in the nerve root and mechanical compression play major roles in the production of radiculopathy symptoms.

Avulsion fracture of the scapular spine: A case report.

Fractures of the scapula are infrequent injuries usually associated with direct, violent trauma to the shoulder girdle. We present a rare case of an avulsion fracture of the scapular spine occurring in a patient during a game of badminton. Open reduction and internal fixation with a tension band-wiring technique was performed.

Analysis of spinal cord evoked potential and locomotor function during acute spinal cord compression in cats.

The aim of this study was to investigate whether or not conductive spinal cord evoked potentials and spinal cord function change correspondingly with each other. The relationship between conductive spinal cord evoked potentials and locomotor function during acute spinal cord compression in animals was investigated. In decerebrate cats, controlled locomotion can be induced by electrical stimuli in the mesencephalic locomotor region.

A case of recurrent extraforaminal lateral lumbar disc herniation occurring at the same level and on the opposite side.

We reported the only known case of recurrent extraforaminal lumbar disc herniation occurring at the same level but on the opposite side. In performing lumbar disc puncture for discography, when an extraforaminal bulge is seen on CT scan, we recommend puncture through the side opposite the bulge to prevent new herniation even if the symptoms are located on the side of the puncture.

Problems with repeated arthroscopic surgery in the discoid meniscus.

To identify the main causes of repeated arthroscopic surgery of the knee joint and to find out the points of therapeutic approaches, we evaluated 139 patients who underwent arthroscopic meniscectomy in our department and in affiliated hospitals between 1983 and 1987. Two or more arthroscopic surgeries were needed in 9 knees of 8 patients (6.5%).

Extensor tendon rupture after osteoarthrosis of the wrist associated with nonrheumatoid positive ulnar variance.

Rupture of the extensor tendon after osteoarthrosis of the wrist associated with nonrheumatoid, positive ulnar variance is uncommon. Eight cases were seen in the last five years. They included five men and three women, whose ages ranged from 54 to 82 years (average, 70 years).

Experimental study of neurotization of denervated muscles with nerve-to-vein transfer.

Neurotization of denervated muscles was attempted by means of coaptation of peripheral nerves to the veins draining these muscles. In Sprague-Dawley rats, the lateral gastrocnemius branch from the tibial nerve was severed and its proximal end was sutured to the distal stump of the lateral gastrocnemius vein. In all animals nerve-muscle communication was confirmed electrophysiologically 2 and 6 months after the operation.

Specificity of antibodies to type II collagen in rheumatoid arthritis.

To reassess the role of autoantibodies to type II collagen in the pathogenesis of diseases, we studied antibodies from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and from patients with relapsing polychondritis for species specificity and collagen type specificity, using an improved enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Antibodies were found in the sera of 15% of the RA patients and 50% of the relapsing polychondritis patients, as well as in the cartilage of 69% of the RA patients examined. Reaction with both homologous and heterologous type II collagens was common.

Automated spinal cord monitoring for spinal surgery.

A microcomputer-based automated spinal cord monitoring system was developed and 56 spinal operations have been carried out with it since 1986. The system comprises an electrodiagnostic system (Dantec 2000M), an FM tape recorder, a channel selector, an electrical relay, a Modem and a microcomputer which controls all of the elements. The program allowed for automated recording and analysis of evoked potentials during spinal surgery and alarm signals were generated according to the criteria of amplitude decrease and latency delay.

Lumbar degenerative kyphosis. Clinical, radiological and epidemiological studies.

We suggest that lumbar degenerative kyphosis be included as one of the abnormal sagittal curvatures in which a kyphosis or a marked loss of lordosis is seen in the lumbar spine, caused by degenerative changes in middle-aged and elderly. One hundred and five consecutive patients were investigated, most of whom complained of low-back pain, often with a long history. They all walked in a forward bending posture, either all the time or only when exhausted.