Normalized economical speed is influenced by aging and not by exercise habituation.

Objective: A U-shaped relationship between energy cost of walking (C) and walking speed indicates that there is a specific speed minimizing the C, called economical speed (ES). It is mostly slower in older adults than young adults; however, effects of leg length on the ES have been ignored. We investigated effects of aging and exercise habituation on the normalized ES by leg length (ES).

Gait variability of interlimb coordination in high-heeled shoes with detachable base sockets under conditions of sinusoidal speed change.

Background: This study aimed to investigate the effects of wearing high-heeled shoes (HHS) on gait variability of the lower limbs when the treadmill speed was sinusoidally changed.

Methods: A total of 17 young females walked on a treadmill with HHS, HHS with detachable base sockets (HHS-Sockets), and low-heeled shoes (LHS) under sinusoidal speed-changing protocol of 60-s and 30-s periods with an amplitude of ± 0.56 m·s.

Effects of exercise habituation and aging on the intersegmental coordination of lower limbs during walking with sinusoidal speed change.

Background: The time courses of the joint elevation angles of the thigh, shank, and foot in one stride during walking can be well approximated by a "plane" in a triaxial space. This intersegmental coordination (IC) of the lower limb elevation angles is referred to as the planar covariation law. We examined the effects of exercise habituation and aging on the thickness of the IC plane of the lower limbs under sinusoidal speed changing conditions.

Olive leaf extract prevents spontaneous occurrence of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in SHR/NDmcr-cp rats.

Aims: Oxidative stress may play an important role in the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Oleuropein, the active constituent of olive leaf, possesses anti-oxidant, hypoglycaemic, and hypolipidaemic activities. We aimed to investigate the preventive effects of olive leaf extract on hepatic fat accumulation in a rat model of NASH.