Single-pixel imaging for edge images using deep neural networks.

Edge images are often used in computer vision, cellular morphology, and surveillance cameras, and are sufficient to identify the type of object. Single-pixel imaging (SPI) is a promising technique for wide-wavelength, low-light-level measurements. Conventional SPI-based edge-enhanced techniques have used shifting illumination patterns; however, this increases the number of the illumination patterns.

Model for Studying Anti- Allergic Drugs for Allergic Conjunctivitis in Animals.

Unlabelled: Allergic conjunctivitis (AC), which is characterized by ocular itching, hyperemia, and edema, deteriorates quality of life. In this study, effects of anti-allergic drugs were evaluated by assessing eye-scratching behavior, the number of eosinophils in conjunctiva epithelial tissues, and concentrations of chemical mediators in the tears of the guinea pig model of ovalbumin (OA)-induced AC.

Methodology: On day 0, 3-week-old guinea pigs were sensitized by OA subconjunctival injections.

Effect of hesperetin on chaperone activity in selenite-induced cataract.

Background: Chaperone activity of α-crystallin in the lens works to prevent protein aggregation and is important to maintain the lens transparency. This study evaluated the effect of hesperetin on lens chaperone activity in selenite-induced cataracts.

Methodology: Thirteen-day-old rats were divided into four groups.

The Extracellular C-loop Domain Plays an Important Role in the Cell Adhesion Function of Aquaporin 0.

Purpose: Although aquaporin 0 (AQP0) is a member of the AQP family, it has limited water permeability compared with other members. AQP0 may also have cell adhesion-related functions, but the evidence is still limited. Here, we studied the relationship of AQP0 to cell adhesion and determined the region required for cell adhesion.

Hesperetin prevents selenite-induced cataract in rats.

Purpose: This study investigated the ability of hesperetin, a natural flavonoid, to prevent selenite-induced cataracts in a rat model.

Methods: Animals were divided into four treatment groups: G1 (control group), G2 (hesperetin-treated group), G3 (selenite-induced cataract group), and G4 (hesperetin-treated selenite cataract group). Animals in the G1 and G3 groups were injected with vehicle alone, while those in the G2 and G4 groups received a subcutaneous injection of hesperetin (0.

The effect of the interaction between aquaporin 0 (AQP0) and the filensin tail region on AQP0 water permeability.

Purpose: To study the interaction between the lens-specific water channel protein, aquaporin 0 (AQP0) and the lens-specific intermediate filament protein, filensin, and the effect of this interaction on the water permeability of AQP0. The effect of other factors on the interaction was also investigated.

Methods: Expression plasmids were constructed in which glutathione-S-transferase (GST) was fused to the AQP0 COOH-terminal region (GST-AQP0-C), which contains the major phosphorylation sites of the protein.

Quantitative analysis of ascorbic acid permeability of aquaporin 0 in the lens.

Aquaporin 0 (AQP0) is a lens-specific protein comprising more than 30% of lens membrane protein content and is a member of the aquaporin family. Water permeates through AQP0 much more slowly than other aquaporin family members, and other compounds, such as glycerol, also permeate AQP0. In the lens, ascorbic acid (AA) is found at high concentrations, protecting the lens from photochemical events such as photo-oxidation.

WITHDRAWN: The role of ascorbic acid transporter in the lens of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat.

The Publisher regrets that this article is an accidental duplication of an article that has already been published, http://dx.doi.org/10.

Characterization and localization of side population cells in the lens.

Purpose: Side population (SP) cells were isolated and the possibility whether lens epithelial cells contain stem cells was investigated.

Methods: Mouse lens epithelial cells were stained by Hoechst 33342 and then sorted by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). The expression of stem cell markers in sorted SP cells and the main population of epithelial cells were analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR.

The function of filensin and phakinin in lens transparency.

Purpose: Beaded filaments are lens cell-specific intermediate filaments composed of two proteins: filensin and phakinin (CP49). Filensin and phakinin are believed to function in the maintenance of lens transparency. To elucidate the function of filensin and phakinin at the molecular level, we examined the degradation of these two proteins in normal and cataractous rat lenses.

NADH photo-oxidation is enhanced by a partially purified lambda-crystallin fraction from rabbit lens.

Purpose: In the rabbit lens, high levels of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) can function as a near-ultraviolet light (near-UV) filter, an effect apparently achieved by specific nucleotide binding to lambda-crystallin. The present investigation asks whether lambda-crystallin enhances NADH photo-oxidation by superoxide radicals produced via a photosensitization reaction of near-UV with NADH.

Methods: Lambda-crystallin was partially purified from rabbit lens soluble fraction by a two-step gel filtration and affinity column chromatography procedure.

NADH binding properties of rabbit lens lambda-crystallin.

Purpose: The present investigation aims to evaluate the NADH binding ability of lambda-crystallin, a taxon-specific enzyme-crystallin, in the rabbit lens.

Methods: A lambda/betaL1-crystallin fraction was separated from the rabbit lens soluble fraction by gel filtration and the enzyme-crystallin was partially purified by subsequent affinity column chromatography. Analysis of NADH bound to the lambda-crystallin preparation was performed using spectrophotometric and enzymological methods.

Isolation of ascorbate free radical reductase from rabbit lens soluble fraction.

Ascorbate free radical (AFR) reductase with diaphorase activity was isolated from the rabbit lens soluble fraction to characterise some molecular properties of the enzyme. The isolation was accomplished using gel filtration (Sephadex G-75 superfine or Sephacryl S-200 HR), affinity chromatography (Affi-Gel Blue), native isoelectric focusing and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. A major soluble AFR reductase was found at an isoelectric point of 8.

Effects of dorzolamide hydrochloride on ocular tissues.

We studied the intraocular pharmacokinetics of dorzolamide hydrochloride eye drops and the effect of dorzolamide on carbonic anhydrase activity and localization in ocular tissues. Carbonic anhydrase activity was detected in normal ocular tissues. The activity was inhibited in corneal endothelial cells, the ciliary body, lens epithelial cells, or the retina 1 to 8 hours after instillation of dorzolamide eye drops.

lambda-crystallin related to dehydroascorbate reductase in the rabbit lens.

Purpose: To evaluate the relationship of lambda-crystallin to reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH)-dependent dehydroascorbate (DHA) reductase found specifically in the rabbit lens.

Methods: DHA reductase Fractions I-IV were separated from the lambda/betaL1-crystallin fraction of rabbit lens soluble protein by diethylaminoethyl (DEAE)-cellulose ion-exchange column chromatography, and then the enzyme was partially purified from Fraction II by rechromatography on the same ion-exchange column. The isolated DHA reductase fractions were characterized by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), Western blotting, native isoelectric focusing and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis.

Comparison of Lp82- and m-calpain-mediated proteolysis during cataractogenesis in Shumiya cataract rat (SCR).

Purpose: It is well known that m-calpain, a ubiquitous calpain, is involved in cataract formation in rodent lens. Involvement of Lp82, a lens-specific calpain, in the cataract formation is also suggested. However, the exact relationship between Lp82-mediated proteolysis and lens opacification has not yet been established.

Heterogeneity of ascorbate free radical reductase in the human lens.

The soluble ascorbate free radical (AFR) reductases in the human lens were separated into many isoforms in the range of pI 5-7 by native isoelectric focusing. In the two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, however, two main proteins with molecular weights of 20-25 kD were commonly identified to each isoform. The observed heterogeneity of the human lens AFR reductase is very similar to those reported for beta- and gamma-crystallins in aged and cataractous human lenses.

Type XVI collagen is expressed in factor XIIIa+ monocyte-derived dermal dendrocytes and constitutes a potential substrate for factor XIIIa.

We have previously reported that connective tissue cells in the superficial dermis preferentially express alpha1(XVI) collagen rather than those in the lower dermis. Double immunofluorescence labeling using the antibodies for alpha1(XVI) collagen and factor XIIIa (plasma transglutaminase), which is a marker of dermal dendrocytes, demonstrated that both antibodies reacted with the same cells in the superficial dermis of normal skin as well as the lesional skins of dermal dendrocyte-related disorders, dermatofibroma, and psoriasis. Dermal dendrocytes are considered to be established by a culture of peripheral blood monocytes in the presence of granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor and interleukin-4.

NADH-dependent dehydroascorbate reductase in the rabbit lens.

The present investigation demonstrates the existence of NADH-dependent dehydroascorbate (DHA) reductase activity in the soluble fraction of the rabbit lens. This DHA reductase was specific for NADH, and its apparent Km values for DHA and NADH were 5.7 mM and 4.

Ascorbate free radical reductase activity in vertebrate lenses of certain species.

Purpose: To clarify the function of ascorbate free radical (AFR) reductase in the antioxidation system of different vertebrate lenses.

Methods: The soluble and insoluble fractions were prepared from bullfrog, guinea pig, rat, rabbit, swine, and bovine lenses, and membrane-bound enzymes in the insoluble fraction were extracted by 0.3% Triton X-100.

Expression of a small heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) in mouse skin tumors induced by UVB-irradiation.

We investigated the expression of heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) at intermediate stages of a cutaneous tumor induced by UVB-irradiation stress (290-380 nm, max. 312 nm) using an immunostaining method. After 15-20 weeks of chronic exposure to UVB irradiation at a dose of 2 kJ/m2, HSP27 was found in the upper cell layers of bowenoid multilayers of epidermis, in areas of the lesions where normal stratification seems to be conserved.

Ascorbate Free Radical Reductase Activity in Vertebrate Lenses of Some Species.

Purpose: To clarify the function of ascorbate free radical (AFR) reductase in the lens antioxidation mechanism, we investigated the difference among species in AFR reductase activity in different vertebrate lenses.Materials and Methods: Soluble and insoluble fractions were prepared from the lenses of frogs, guinea pigs, rats, rabbits, pigs, and calves. AFR reductase and diaphorase activity of each fraction was determined.

[Ascorbate free radical reductase activity in vertebrate lenses of some species].

Purpose: To clarify the function of ascorbate free radical (AFR) reductase in the lens antioxidation mechanism, we investigated the difference among species in AFR reductase activity in different vertebrate lenses.

Materials And Methods: Soluble and insoluble fractions were prepared from the lenses of frogs, guinea pigs, rats, rabbits, pigs, and calves. AFR reductase and diaphorase activity of each fraction was determined.

Protective effects of sodium-L-ascorbyl-2 phosphate on the development of UVB-induced damage in cultured mouse skin.

The protective effect of sodium-L-ascorbyl-2 phosphate (As-2P), a stable form of ascorbic acid (AsA), against photodamage induced by a single dose of UVB exposure (290-320 nm, Max 312 nm) was investigated using cultured mouse skin. When the cultured skin was treated with various As-2P concentrations, the cutaneous AsA level increased in proportion to the As-2P concentration. After 3 h of incubation, the AsA level in the cultured skin treated with 2, 20 and 100 mM As-2P increased 1.