[The Impact of a Picture Book to Improve Medication Compliance in Pediatric Patients: A Questionnaire Survey].

Poor medication compliance in children can affect treatment efficacy. We examined the impact of a picture book created by pharmacists to improve medication compliance in children. Our study aim was to assess the effects of the pharmacist-created picture book on medication compliance in children and their parents in collaboration with an outpatient pharmacy.

Post-discharge sedentary behavior and light-intensity physical activity-associated stroke recurrence in patients with minor ischemic stroke: A preliminary retrospective observational study.

Background And Purpose: Evidence regarding whether reducing sedentary behavior and increasing physical activity levels to prevent stroke recurrence is insufficient. Therefore, this study preliminarily investigated whether post-discharge sedentary behavior and physical activity levels in patients with minor ischemic stroke were associated with stroke recurrence.

Methods: This retrospective observational study included 73 patients (aged 72.

Effects on sedentary behaviour of an approach to reduce sedentary behaviour in patients with minor ischaemic stroke: A randomised controlled trial.

Objectives: To determine the effects on sedentary behaviour of an approach that promotes reduction in sedentary behaviour in patients with minor ischaemic stroke after intervention and at follow-up.

Design: A randomised controlled trial.

Setting: During hospitalisation and after hospital discharge.

Effect of chronic pain on the occurrence of falls in older adults with disabilities: a prospective cohort study.

Background: The relationship between chronic pain and the occurrence of falls in healthy older adults has been clarified in previous studies, but its relationship in older adults with disabilities has not.

Objective: This study aimed to determine whether chronic pain is related to the occurrence of falls in older adults with disabilities.

Methods: The participants were 101 older adults above 65 years old who used long-term care insurance services in Japan.

Sarcopenia Affects Functional Independence Measure motor Scores in Elderly Patients with Stroke.

Objectives: There is no unified view of the relationship between sarcopenia and the activities of daily living (ADL) in stroke patients. This study aimed to determine whether sarcopenia affects the ADL in elderly patients with stroke.

Materials And Methods: This case-control study included 472 stroke patients aged ≥ 65 years who were admitted to the convalescent rehabilitation ward.

Chronic pain in the frail elderly mediates sleep disorders and influences falls.

Aim: Previous studies have highlighted the causation between chronic pain and falls in the elderly, but the mediator variables between chronic pain and falls in the frail elderly have not been identified. The purpose of this study was to identify the mediator variable of chronic pain and falls.

Methods: This study is a prospective cohort study.

Sleep efficiency affecting the occurrence of falls among the frail older adults.

The purpose of this study is to clarify whether reduced sleep efficiency affects the occurrence of falls among the frail older adults. This was a prospective cohort study. The subjects were frail older adult individuals living within a community, attending an older adult care center.

Approaches to Promote Reduction in Sedentary Behavior in Patients With Minor Ischemic Stroke: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine whether an approach that promotes reduction in sedentary behavior (SB) during hospitalization and after hospital discharge reduces SB in patients with minor ischemic stroke (MIS) compared with an approach that promotes an increase in physical activity levels.

Design: Randomized controlled trial design.

Setting: During hospitalization and after hospital discharge.

Depression Is Associated with Chronic Pain in Disabled Older Adults.

Background: The association between depression and chronic pain has been clearly demonstrated in healthy older adults, but not in older adults with disabilities. This study thus aimed to clarify the association between depression and chronic pain in older adults with disabilities.

Methods: In total, 92 older adults aged 65 years or older subscribed to Japanese long-term care insurance services were included in this study.

Nonleisure-Time Physical Activity Guidance Following Minor Ischemic Stroke: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

The purpose of this single-masked randomized clinical trial was to examine whether nonleisure-time physical activity guidance (NLTPAG) improves physical activity levels in patients after minor ischemic stroke. Patients who had been hospitalized for minor ischemic stroke in an acute care hospital (National Health Institute Stroke Scale ≤ 5) were randomized to either an NLTPAG group (n = 17) or a leisure-time physical activity guidance group (n = 16). NLTPAG focused on reducing sedentary behavior and increasing the frequency of walking for shopping and household activities to improve physical activity levels in daily life.

Inhibition of MGAT2 modulates fat-induced gut peptide release and fat intake in normal mice and ameliorates obesity and diabetes in ob/ob mice fed on a high-fat diet.

Monoacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 2 (MGAT2) is one of the key enzymes responsible for triglyceride (TG) re-synthesis in the small intestine. We have previously demonstrated that pharmacological inhibition of MGAT2 has beneficial effects on obesity and metabolic disorders in mice. Here, we further investigate the effects of MGAT2 inhibition on (a) fat-induced gut peptide release and fat intake in normal mice and (b) metabolic disorders in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed ob/ob mice, a model of severe obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus, using an orally bioavailable MGAT2 inhibitor Compound B (CpdB).

Enzymatic and molecular characterization of an acidic and thermostable chitinase 1 from Streptomyces thermodiastaticus HF 3-3.

Chitinase 1 (Chi1) is an acidic and thermostable hydrolytic enzyme capable of the breakdown of chitin, a resilient biopolymer that is the primary building block of fungi cell walls and marine exoskeletons. In this study, Chi1 was purified from the bacterium Streptomyces thermodiastaticus HF 3-3, and its properties were carefully characterized. The molecular mass of Chi1 was estimated to be approximately 46 kDa and, through sequencing, its N-terminal amino acid sequence was identified as ADSGKVKL.

CDK5 Regulatory Subunit-Associated Protein 1-like 1 Negatively Regulates Adipocyte Differentiation through Activation of Wnt Signaling Pathway.

CDK5 Regulatory Subunit-Associated Protein 1-like 1 (CDKAL1) was identified as a susceptibility gene for type 2 diabetes and body mass index in genome-wide association studies. Although it was reported that CDKAL1 is a methylthiotransferase essential for tRNA(UUU) and faithful translation of proinsulin generated in pancreatic β cells, the role of CDKAL1 in adipocytes has not been understood well. In this study, we found that CDKAL1 is expressed in adipose tissue and its expression is increased during differentiation.

Pharmacological Inhibition of Monoacylglycerol O-Acyltransferase 2 Improves Hyperlipidemia, Obesity, and Diabetes by Change in Intestinal Fat Utilization.

Monoacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 2 (MGAT2) catalyzes the synthesis of diacylglycerol (DG), a triacylglycerol precursor and potential peripheral target for novel anti-obesity therapeutics. High-throughput screening identified lead compounds with MGAT2 inhibitory activity. Through structural modification, a potent, selective, and orally bioavailable MGAT2 inhibitor, compound A (compA), was discovered.

Optimization of a novel series of N-phenylindoline-5-sulfonamide-based acyl CoA:monoacylglycerol acyltransferase-2 inhibitors: Mitigation of CYP3A4 time-dependent inhibition and phototoxic liabilities.

Acyl CoA:monoacylglycerol acyltransferase-2 (MGAT2) has emerged as a potential peripheral target for the treatment of obesity and metabolic disorders. We previously identified a novel series of N-phenylindoline-5-sulfonamide derivatives exemplified by 2 as potent and orally bioavailable MGAT2 inhibitors. Despite its attractive potency, further assessment revealed that this compound exhibited time-dependent inhibition (TDI) of cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4).

Improved metabolic health alters host metabolism in parallel with changes in systemic xeno-metabolites of gut origin.

Novel plasma metabolite patterns reflective of improved metabolic health (insulin sensitivity, fitness, reduced body weight) were identified before and after a 14-17 wk weight loss and exercise intervention in sedentary, obese insulin-resistant women. To control for potential confounding effects of diet- or microbiome-derived molecules on the systemic metabolome, sampling was during a tightly-controlled feeding test week paradigm. Pairwise and multivariate analysis revealed intervention- and insulin-sensitivity associated: (1) Changes in plasma xeno-metabolites ("non-self" metabolites of dietary or gut microbial origin) following an oral glucose tolerance test (e.

Global mapping of cell type-specific open chromatin by FAIRE-seq reveals the regulatory role of the NFI family in adipocyte differentiation.

Identification of regulatory elements within the genome is crucial for understanding the mechanisms that govern cell type-specific gene expression. We generated genome-wide maps of open chromatin sites in 3T3-L1 adipocytes (on day 0 and day 8 of differentiation) and NIH-3T3 fibroblasts using formaldehyde-assisted isolation of regulatory elements coupled with high-throughput sequencing (FAIRE-seq). FAIRE peaks at the promoter were associated with active transcription and histone modifications of H3K4me3 and H3K27ac.

Differential subcellular localization of insulin receptor substrates depends on C-terminal regions and importin beta.

Insulin receptor substrates (IRSs) play essential roles in signal transduction of insulin and insulin-like growth factors. Previously, we showed that IRS-3 is localized to the nucleus as well as the cytosol, while IRS-1 and 2 are mainly localized to the cytoplasm. In the present study, we found that importin beta directly interacts with IRS-3 and is able to mediate nuclear transport of IRS-3.

CT findings of bilateral congenital absence of the long process of the incus.

Bilateral conductive deafness due to congenital absence of the long process of the incus (CALPI) is rare. The authors present the case of a patient with bilateral CALPI. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case preoperatively diagnosed as bilateral CALPI by computed tomography.

Asymmetric synthesis and determination of the absolute configuration of FK584, an agent for the treatment of overactive detrusor.

FK584[(-)-N-tert-butyl-4,4-diphenyl-2-cyclopentenylamine hydrochloride, (-)-4-HCl], a potential candidate for the treatment of overactive detrusor, was synthesized in a 4-step approach starting with Sharpless oxidation of cyclopentenol 6 (kinetic resolution). This epoxidation is a rare case in that the empirical rule does not work. Regio- and stereoselective introduction of tert-butylamine to the obtained epoxycyclopentanol 5 and subsequent conversion of the resulting diol to an olefin completed the synthesis.

[Effects of thapsigargin and ryanodine on cochlear electrical potentials in guinea pigs examined by the perilymphatic perfusion method].

The effect of thapsigargin and ryanodine on cochlear microphonics (CM) and the endocochlear DC potential (EP) in the guinea pig was investigated by the perilymphatic perfusion method. These chemicals were considered to be pharmacological tools to reduce the amount of Ca2+ stored within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), although the sites of their action were different; thapsigargin inhibits Ca2+ uptake of the ER, while ryanodine locks Ca2+ channels of the ER in an open state. Both CM and EP were measured with a glass microelectrode inserted into scala media.

Agents for the treatment of overactive detrusor. V. Synthesis and inhibitory activity on detrusor contraction of N-tert-butyl-4,4-diphenyl-2-cyclopentenylamine.

N-tert-Butyl-4,4-diphenyl-2-cyclopentenylamine ((+/-)-3) was designed to restrict the conformation of terodiline 1 and was synthesized in a 6-step approach starting with diphenylacetaldehyde (10) or in a 4-step approach starting with 2,2-diphenyl-4-pentenoic acid (17). Using di-p-toluoyltartaric acid as a resolving agent, the synthetic (+/-)-3 was resolved into its optically pure forms, (-)- and (+)-3. The (-)-enantiomer (-)-3.