Sucrose substitutes and their role in caries prevention.

Many non- or low-cariogenic sucrose substitutes are currently available and are found as ingredients of a variety of candy, chewing gum, and drinks. Recently the role of sugar alcohols in promoting remineralisation of enamel has attracted much attention. Thus, the dental profession needs to understand the general characteristics and features of sugar substitutes to provide advice on oral health to patients as well as the general public.

Role for the S-layer of Campylobacter rectus ATCC33238 in complement mediated killing and phagocytic killing by leukocytes from guinea pig and human peripheral blood.

Objective: The role of the S-layer of Campylobacter rectus ATCC 33238 in complement-mediated killing and interaction with leukocytes of the intraperitoneal cavity from guinea pigs and human peripheral blood was studied in vitro.

Materials And Methods: Rabbit polyclonal anti-serum to whole C. rectus cells, a monoclonal antibody which recognizes 150 KDa S-layer protein antigen and a monoclonal antibody against lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were prepared.

Effects of frequent mouthrinses with palatinose and xylitol on dental plaque.

The aim was to evaluate the effects of frequent mouthrinses with palatinose, xylitol and a mixture of palatinose and xylitol on plaque pH, plaque formation and cariogenic microorganisms. 15 subjects refrained from toothbrushing during 3 test periods and rinsed 15 x daily for 4 d with 10 ml of: (1) 50% palatinose, (2) 37.5% palatinose + 12.

New directions for dental education in Japan.

To meet recent changes in the oral health sciences, general science, and social needs, the guidelines for the dental curriculum were revised by the Japanese Deans Meeting in 1994. This new program addresses the need to modify both undergraduate and postgraduate dental education in Japan. Lifelong education for dentists has been also modified recently.

Inhibitory effects of funoran on the adherence and colonization of mutans streptococci.

Funoran, a sulfated polysaccharide extracted from the seaweed Gloiopeltis furcata strongly inhibited the absorption of mutans streptococci to saliva-coated hydroxyapatite (S-HA), but enhanced that of Streptococcus sanguis ATCC 10556 and Streptococcus oralis ATCC 10557. Furthermore, funoran had a strong desorption activity against mutans streptococci preadsorbed to S-HA. In the presence of sucrose, the absorption of cells of Streptococcus sobrinus B13, Streptococcus mutans Ingbritt, and S.

Longitudinal study of caries, cariogenic bacteria and diet in children just before and after starting school.

Fifty 5-yr-old preschool children living in Akranes, a small community in West Iceland known to have a high caries prevalence, were investigated with respect to caries, salivary counts of mutans streptococci and lactobacilli, and consumption of cariogenic foods. Fifteen months later, after being in school for half a year, 43 of the 50 children were reexamined and investigated as before. Mean dmfs scores rose from 7.

B-cell mitogenicity and IL-1 beta production of lipopolysaccharides from various Capnocytophaga strains.

To evaluate the etiological roles of Capnocytophaga species in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease, we examined the immunological activities of lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) from various Capnocytophaga strains. All LPSs from various Capnocytophaga species were mitogenic for BALB/c mouse spleen cells, although the responses were lower than those to reference LPSs from Escherichia coli or Salmonella typhimurium. LPSs of C.

Polyclonal B cell activation, endotoxin tolerance, and limulus tests of endotoxin preparations of some periodontopathogens.

Potencies of polyclonal B-cell activation in C3H/HeN mice of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Porphyromonas gingivalis endotoxins were 0.36, 0.13 and 0.

Lipopolysaccharides from various Capnocytophaga strains possess potent Limulus amoebocyte lysate clotting activity.

Lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) were extracted by the hot phenol-water method from three ATCC strains (C. sputigena ATCC 33612, C. ochracea ATCC 33596, and C.

Infection by Porphyromonas gingivalis and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, and antibody responses at different ages in humans.

This study examined the serum IgG and IgM responses against Porphyromonas gingivalis and 3 serotypes of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, and the correlations of these responses with age and homologous infection. A total of 90 individuals were included in this study: 40 subjects with gingivitis, 40 periodontally healthy subjects, and 10 adult periodontitis subjects. The subjects in the gingivitis and periodontally healthy groups were divided into 4 stages based on their physiological age: early childhood, school age, puberty, and adult.

Disinfectant effects of "Taisalite" and "Taifresh Ace" containing Irgasan DP300 against MRSA and HIV.

Sterilization and disinfection in dental clinics and laboratories are important in controlling disease vectors such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). We determined the inactivation of disinfectant effects of "Taisalite" and "Taifresh Ace" containing Irgasan DP300 on MRSA, Streptococcus pyogenes, Candida albicans, and HIV. Exposure for 10 seconds to 50% or 5% Taisalite solution inactivated HIV completely.

Adherence and hydrophobicity of invasive and noninvasive strains of Porphyromonas gingivalis.

The adherence of Porphyromonas gingivalis to cell surfaces of periodontal tissues may play an important role in its pathogenicity. In this study, 12 strains of P. gingivalis, including both invasive and noninvasive strains, were investigated for adherence to gingival ligament components.

Significance of serum antibody against surface antigens of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans in patients with adult periodontitis.

This study was undertaken to examine the prevalence of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, its serotype distribution and the serum immune responses against its surface antigens in 41 Japanese patients with adult periodontitis. The dominant A. actinomycetemcomitans serotype isolated was serotype c.

The relationship between polysaccharide antigen and interleukin-1 beta producing activity in Porphyromonas gingivalis.

Strains of Porphyromonas gingivalis were serologically classified into three groups (a, b, and c) by immunodiffusion test using the autoclave extracted antigens. All tested strains had proteolytic activity, but the activity differed from strain to strain, regardless of serogroup. It was found that serogroup a strains had more collagenolytic activity than did serogroup b (p < 0.

Cloning and expression of the aspartate carbamoyltransferase gene from Treponema denticola.

Treponema denticola seems to play a central role in the etiology of human periodontal disease. We have cloned an antigenic protein-coding sequence from T. denticola ATCC 33520.

A sensitive enzymatic method (SK-013) for detection and quantification of specific periodontopathogens.

Porphyromonas gingivalis, Bacteroides forsythus, and Treponema denticola have been found to predominate in periodontal pockets of patients with adult periodontitis. These microorganisms hydrolyze the synthetic peptide N-benzoyl-DL-arginine-2-naphthylamide (BANA). In this study, we developed an enzymatic method, designated SK-013, to detect the existence of these microorganisms in subgingival plaque bacteria.

Corroding characteristics of Eikenella corrodens.

Fourteen strains of Eikenella corrodens isolated from human oral cavity were studied to determine corroding characteristics. Nine out of the 14 strains produced corroding colonies under anaerobic culture condition. One of them produced corrosion even in an aerobic culture.

[Subgingival microflora in children of early childhood, school age and circumpuberty. The proportion and frequency of gram-negative bacteria in periodontally healthy and gingivitis groups].

The present study characterized the microbial profiles of the gingival sulci in children. Subgingival samples from 36 gingivitis lesions of 18 patients and 36 sites in 18 healthy persons were examined. The tested individuals were divided into three stages according to physiological maturation i.

Clinical, microbiological, and immunological studies following initial preparation in adult periodontitis.

This study investigated the clinical, microbiological and immunological changes induced in adult periodontitis by initial preparation. Microflora in periodontal lesions was mainly examined by cultural methods, and serum IgG antibody levels were measured by an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Black-pigmented gram negative anaerobes, especially Porphyromonas (Bacteroides) gingivalis, was predominant in periodontal pockets with adult destructive periodontitis.

Clinical, microbiological and immunological studies on recurrent periodontal disease.

The present study was performed to evaluate the clinical, microbiological and immunological aspects in the early stages of recurrent periodontal disease. After clinical monitoring of pockets with recent evidence of disease recurrence, microbiological samples for cultural analysis, serum and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) samples were taken for IgG antibody analysis from 14 sites, 7 in 6 recurrent periodontitis patients and 7 in 7 periodontally healthy control subjects. IgG responses of serum antibody to 8 gram-negative bacterial strains were compared with those of GCF sampled from the recurrent site.

Inhibitory effects of aqueous extract of cacao bean husk on collagenase of Bacteroides gingivalis.

Natural materials containing tannin were examined to determine whether they possessed any inhibitory activity against collagenase obtained from the culture supernatant of Bacteroides gingivalis. The collagenolytic activity was determined with Collagenokit CLN-100 (Collagen Technological Co., Tokyo) using FITC-conjugated collagen type 1.

[A rapid diagnosis (SK-013) for periodontitis based on the enzymatic activity of periodontopathic bacteria. The relationship between the enzymatic activity (SK-013) and B. gingivalis, B. forsythus, T. denticola in subgingival microflora].

SK-013 was developed for rapid detection of the peptidase activity in subgingival plaque samples. The purpose of this study was to determine whether SK-013 could be a marker for the presence of periodontopathic bacteria including Treponema denticola, Bacteroides gingivalis and Bacteroides forsythus which produce trypsin-like enzyme. Subgingival plaque samples were taken with 3 paper points from 10 clinically healthy sites and 30 periodontal diseased sites.

[A rapid diagnosis (SK-013) for periodontitis based on the enzymatic activity of periodontopathic bacteria. Study on the characterization of the SK-013 and the enzyme specificity].

We present studies for development of an enzymatic diagnostic method for periodontitis. A rapid and sensitive diagnostic method named SK-013 was provided by Sunstar Inc. to evaluate the peptidase activities specifically derived from periodontopathic bacteria such as Bacteroides gingivalis, Bacteroides forsythus and Treponema denticola and some strains of Capnocytophaga species.