Catalytic reforming of nitrogen-containing volatiles evolved through pyrolysis of composted pig manure.

The pyrolysis of pig compost was performed in a two-stage fixed-bed reactor to determine the effects of decomposition temperatures and catalysts (i.e., transition-metal and non-transition-metal catalysts) on carbon and nitrogen conversions.

H2 production from fowl manure by low temperature catalytic gasification.

In the paper, H(2) rich gas produced from fowl manure (hen compost-HC) by low temperature catalytic gasification (LTCG) technology is addressed. The pyrolysis behaviors of the samples before and after weak acid pretreatment were investigated using thermal gravimetric analysis. Furthermore, the catalytic influence of HC char and HC ash on the decomposition of the nascent volatiles was determined.

Low temperature catalytic gasification of pig compost to produce H2 rich gas.

The low temperature catalytic gasification of pig compost before and after acid washing was carried out to produce H2 rich gas using a two-stage fixed-bed reactor. Little effect of the minerals on the manure pyrolysis is determined. Under the presence of Ni/Al2O3 catalyst nearly all the tarry matters were cracked into H2, CO, CO2 and residual carbon.

Preparation and characterization of bio-oils from internally circulating fluidized-bed pyrolyses of municipal, livestock, and wood waste.

Fast pyrolyses of sewage sludge (SS), pig compost (PC), and wood chip (WC) were investigated in an internally circulating fluidized-bed to evaluate bio-oil production. The pyrolyses were performed at 500 °C and the bio-oil yields from SS, PC, and WC were 45.2%, 44.

Two-stage steam gasification of waste biomass in fluidized bed at low temperature: parametric investigations and performance optimization.

Steam gasification of waste biomass has been studied in a two-stage fluidized bed reactor, which has the primary pyrolysis fluidized bed using silica sand as bed material and the secondary reforming fixed bed with catalyst. The main objectives are parametric investigation and performance improvement especially at low temperature of around 600 °C using the wood chip and the pig manure compost as feedstock. Main operating variables studied are pyrolysis temperature, catalytic temperature, steam/biomass-C ratio, space velocity and different catalyst.

Fractionation and identification of organic nitrogen species from bio-oil produced by fast pyrolysis of sewage sludge.

Pyrolysis of sewage sludge was performed at 500 degrees C and a sweeping gas flow rate of 300 cm(3)/min in a drop tube furnace. Liquid fraction (i.e.

Effect of pretreatment with different washing methods on the reactivity of manure char.

During low temperature gasification process of livestock manure, combustion of manure char feedbacks energy for the gasification reactions. The purpose of the present study is to determine the effect of mineral matters on the reactivity of manure char. The chars were prepared from pig and hen composts pretreated by different washing methods.

Triacetonamine formation in a bio-oil from fast pyrolysis of sewage sludge using acetone as the absorption solvent.

A sewage sludge sample was pyrolyzed in a drop tube furnace at 500 degrees C and sweeping gas flow rate of 300cm(3)/min. Triacetonamine (TAA) was detected with GC/MS as major component in the resulting bio-oil using acetone as the absorption solvent and proven to be a product from the reaction of NH(3) in the bio-oil with the absorption solvent acetone. TAA yield increased with storage time and reached a level about 28.

Influence of manure types and pyrolysis conditions on the oxidation behavior of manure char.

Livestock manure can be quickly converted into valuable products (H(2), syn-gas and char) by low temperature gasification. Manure char combustion offers energy for the gasification reactions. In the paper, the influence of manure type and pyrolysis conditions on manure char reactivity is addressed.