Pyrrole-Based Zwitterionic π-Electronic Systems That Form Self-Assembled Dimers.

Pyrrole-based zwitterionic π-electronic systems including a phenylcarboxylate (benzoate) anionic site and an N-methyl pyridinium cation unit were synthesized. Spectroscopic and theoretical examinations revealed the intermolecular hydrogen-bonding interactions of the pyrrole NH group and the 3-pyridinium and 3-benzoate ortho-CH moieties of zwitterions with a carboxylate anion to form self-assembled dimers. The self-assembled dimers were found to exist in equilibrium with the corresponding monomers in DMSO, whose dimerization ability was examined by concentration-dependent measurements.

Synthesis and in vitro evaluation of three novel radiotracers for imaging of metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 2 in rat brain.

The purpose of this study was to develop three new radiotracers, 1-(cyclopropylmethyl)-4-([C/F]substituted-phenyl)piperidin-1-yl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydropyridine-3-carbonitrile ([C]1, [C]2, and [F]4), and to examine their specific bindings with metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 2 (mGluR2) in rat brain sections by using in vitro autoradiography. These compounds were found to possess potent in vitro binding affinities (K: 8.0-34.

Acute Renal Injury Induced by Hypersensitivity to Tolvaptan in an Elderly Patient with Congestive Heart Failure.

Tolvaptan (TLV) is a new vasopressin type 2 receptor antagonist effective in patients with heart failure (HF). We herein describe the case of an 84-year-old woman who developed acute renal injury induced by hypersensitivity to TLV. The patient had received an implanted pacemaker and was diagnosed with exacerbation of chronic HF due to atrial fibrillation, mitral regurgitation, tricuspid regurgitation and left ventricular dyssynchrony.

Transcriptional regulation of the rainbow trout CYP19a gene by FTZ-F1 homologue.

In rainbow trout, there are at least two CYP19 genes (CYP19a and CYP19b). They encode distinct P450arom isozymes that are differentially expressed in the ovary and brain. To understand the transcriptional regulation of the rainbow trout CYP19a (rtCYP19a) gene in the ovary, we isolated its 5'-flanking region.

Adenovirus vector-mediated reporter system for in vivo analyses of human CYP3A4 gene activation.

The use of cultured mammalian cells and artificial promoters for analyses of gene regulation gives results that are sometimes inconsistent with in vivo events and thus inconclusive. To understand the in vivo mechanism of chemically mediated CYP3A4 gene activation, we have used a natural promoter of the CYP3A4 gene and an adenovirus as a reporter vector. The adenovirus reporter vector (AdCYP3A4-362) was constructed with a proximal promoter region (-362 to +11 nt) of the CYP3A4 gene and a luciferase-reporter gene.