DNA-directed termination of mammalian RNA polymerase II.

The best-studied mechanism of eukaryotic RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) transcriptional termination involves polyadenylation site-directed cleavage of the nascent RNA. The RNAPII-associated cleavage product is then degraded by XRN2, dislodging RNAPII from the DNA template. In contrast, prokaryotic RNAP and eukaryotic RNAPIII often terminate directly at T-tracts in the coding DNA strand.

Neurologic recovery following laminectomy and tumor resection of a pediatric cervical synovial osteochondromatosis causing paralysis.

Purpose: To report the surgical outcome of synovial osteochondromatosis, a rare tumor of the cervical spine, in a 6-year-old boy.

Methods: A 6-year-old boy presented with muscle weakness in the right deltoid (2) and biceps (4) during a manual muscle test. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a 3 × 2 × 1.

Clinical features of patients with carcinoma soft tissue metastases as surgical indications: a retrospective cohort study.

Background: Soft-tissue metastasis of carcinoma is rare. In the present study, we investigated the surgical indications and clinical features of patients with soft tissue metastases of carcinoma.

Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, we enrolled 26 patients with soft tissue carcinoma metastasis referred to our department for treatment.

Prognostic evaluation of the Ki-67 labeling system in histological grading of non-small round cell sarcoma: a supplementary analysis of a randomized controlled trial, JCOG1306.

Background: Soft tissue sarcoma (STS) has various histological types and is rare, making it difficult to evaluate the malignancy of each histological type. Thus, comprehensive histological grading is most important in the pathological examination of STS. The Fédération Nationale des Centres de Lutte Contre le Cancer (FNCLCC) grading system is most commonly used in daily pathological analysis of STS.

NELF coordinates Pol II transcription termination and DNA replication initiation.

Unlabelled: Regulation of RNA polymerase II (Pol II) transcription is closely associated with cell proliferation. However, it remains unclear how the Pol II transcription program is altered in cancer to favour cell growth. Here, we find that gene expression of , a known negative elongation factor, is up-regulated in colorectal tumours.

Identification of uromodulin deposition in the stroma of perinephric fibromyxoid nephrogenic adenoma by mass spectrometry.

Nephrogenic adenoma (NA) is an epithelial lesion that usually occurs in the mucosa of the urinary tract. Rare cases of deep infiltrative or perinephric lesions have also been reported. Recently, NA with characteristic fibromyxoid stroma (fibromyxoid NA) has been proposed as a distinct variant.

Case Report: Unresectable pulmonary metastases of a giant cell tumor of bone treated with denosumab: a case report and review of literature.

Giant cell tumors of bone (GCTB) sometimes metastasize to distant organs. In this case report, we present pulmonary metastases of GCTB mimicking malignancies. A 49-year-old man underwent two surgical treatments for a GCTB of the right proximal radius.

Pro-inflammatory polarization and colorectal cancer modulate alternative and intronic polyadenylation in primary human macrophages.

Introduction: Macrophages are essential cells of the immune system that alter their inflammatory profile depending on their microenvironment. Alternative polyadenylation in the 3'UTR (3'UTR-APA) and intronic polyadenylation (IPA) are mechanisms that modulate gene expression, particularly in cancer and activated immune cells. Yet, how polarization and colorectal cancer (CRC) cells affect 3'UTR-APA and IPA in primary human macrophages was unclear.

Needle tract seeding of a sclerosing epithelioid fibrosarcoma in a biopsy tract: a case report.

Background: A sclerosing epithelioid fibrosarcoma (SEF) is an uncommon tumor of the deep soft tissue. An SEF has been described as a low-grade tumor with high local recurrence and metastatic rates. Generally, in bone and soft tissue tumors, a resection of the biopsy route is recommended; however, there is limited evidence with respect to the dissemination of the tumor tissue during a needle biopsy.

Kimura's Disease Diagnosed in the Department of Orthopedic Surgery Treated With Wide Excision: Report of Two Cases.

Background/aim: Kimura's disease is a rare chronic inflammatory disorder that commonly affects the head and neck regions, occurring predominantly in Asian men. Elevated eosinophil count and IgE levels in the peripheral blood examination are suggestive of this disease. In this study we report two cases of Kimura's disease, treated with wide excision.

Antibacterial effect and biological reaction of calcium phosphate cement impregnated with iodine for use in bone defects.

Calcium phosphate cement (CPC) is often used to repair bone defects that occur after bone tumor and fracture treatment. To address bone defect cases with a high infection risk, developing CPCs with a longlasting wide-spectrum antibacterial effect is critical. Povidone-iodine has a wide antibacterial spectrum.

Combined adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell and antibiotic therapy can effectively treat periprosthetic joint infection in rats.

Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is characterized by biofilm infection, which is difficult to alleviate while preserving implant integrity. Furthermore, long-term antibiotic therapy may increase the prevalence of drug-resistant bacterial strains, necessitating a non-antibacterial approach. Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) exert antibacterial effects; however, their efficacy in PJI remains unclear.

PTBP1-activated co-transcriptional splicing controls epigenetic status of pluripotent stem cells.

Many spliceosomal introns are excised from nascent transcripts emerging from RNA polymerase II (RNA Pol II). The extent of cell-type-specific regulation and possible functions of such co-transcriptional events remain poorly understood. We examined the role of the RNA-binding protein PTBP1 in this process using an acute depletion approach followed by the analysis of chromatin- and RNA Pol II-associated transcripts.

Primary Osteosarcoma in Patients Over 75 Years of Age: A Case Series and Literature Review.

Background/aim: Little is known about the clinical characteristics in older patients of ≥75 years of age with primary osteosarcoma due to its rarity. We aimed to understand the clinical characteristics in these patients in order to make an appropriate diagnosis and provide treatment.

Patients And Methods: The medical records of eight patients of ≥75 years of age with primary osteosarcoma were retrospectively reviewed.

A Viability Analysis of Tumor-Bearing Frozen Autograft for the Reconstruction After Resection of Malignant Bone Tumors Using 99m Tc-MDP Scintigraphy.

Purpose Of The Report: Several methods are used to reconstruct bony defects after malignant tumor excision. Tumor-bearing frozen autograft reconstruction is a biological procedure in which tumor-bearing bone is reused after devitalization with liquid nitrogen to kill tumor cells. The viability of frozen autografts has not been fully evaluated over time.

Case report: Complete remission of bone metastasis from renal cell carcinoma in histopathological examination after treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors.

Recently, the prognosis of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) has improved owing to the development of immunotherapy using immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). However, there have been few studies on the therapeutic effect of ICIs in bone metastases from renal cell carcinoma (RCC). We report a case in which pulmonary and humeral metastases from RCC were significantly ameliorated using ICIs, while surgery for a pathological fracture of the humerus significantly improved the patient's quality of life (QoL).

Paraplegia due to spinal epidural lipoma without spinal dysraphism in an adolescent patient: a case report.

We report the case of a rare lipoma arising in the epidural space of a 14-year-old boy without spinal dysraphism. Lipomas are rare in pediatric soft tissue tumors, accounting for only about 4% of cases. The incidence of an intraspinal epidural lipoma without spinal dysraphism is extremely rare in pediatric patients.

A Unique Surgical Case of Ancient Calcified Intravascular Papillary Endothelial Hyperplasia in the Tibia with Knee Joint Osteoarthritis.

Background: Intravascular papillary endothelial hyperplasia (IPEH) is a reactive lesion histopathologically characterized by papillary growth of vascular endothelial cells. IPEH is most commonly found in the skin and subcutaneous tissues of the head, neck, and extremities. Furthermore, it has been reported to occur in oral surgery, but its occurrence in bone is extremely rare.

Clinical Outcomes of Limb-sparing Tumor Surgery With Vascular Reconstruction for Bone and Soft-tissue Tumors.

Background/aim: This study aimed to retrospectively investigate clinical outcomes after tumor resection surgery and discuss reconstruction methods and postoperative complications.

Patients And Methods: We analyzed the clinical outcomes, such as graft survival and prognosis, of nine patients with bone and soft-tissue tumors of the extremities with major vascular invasion who underwent limb-sparing surgery with vascular reconstruction between January 2006 and December 2020.

Results: The primary tumor was malignant in eight cases and intermediate in one case, with a mean postoperative follow-up duration of 52.

CDK9 and PP2A regulate RNA polymerase II transcription termination and coupled RNA maturation.

CDK9 is a kinase critical for the productive transcription of protein-coding genes by RNA polymerase II (pol II). As part of P-TEFb, CDK9 phosphorylates the carboxyl-terminal domain (CTD) of pol II and elongation factors, which allows pol II to elongate past the early elongation checkpoint (EEC) encountered soon after initiation. We show that, in addition to halting pol II at the EEC, loss of CDK9 activity causes premature termination of transcription across the last exon, loss of polyadenylation factors from chromatin, and loss of polyadenylation of nascent transcripts.

Do Liquid Nitrogen-treated Tumor-bearing Nerve Grafts Have the Capacity to Regenerate, and Do They Pose a Risk of Local Recurrence? A Study in Rats.

Background: Under most circumstances, the resection of soft tissue sarcomas of the extremities can be limb-sparing, function-preserving oncologic resections with adequate margins. However, en bloc resection may require resection of the major peripheral nerves, causing poor function in the extremities. Although liquid nitrogen treatment has been used to sterilize malignant bone tumors, its use in the preparation of nerve grafts has, to our knowledge, not been reported.

Dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma of the middle finger arising from a solitary enchondroma: A case report.

Background: Dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma (DDCS) accounts for 10% of all chondrosarcomas and has the poorest outcome, with a 5-year survival rate of 7%-25%. DDCS commonly occurs in the femur and pelvis, whereas DDCS of the finger is extremely rare. Furthermore, the histological findings of preexisting solitary enchondroma samples are important and valuable for diagnosing malignant transformations.