The Role of Sodium Fluoride Mouthwash in Regulating FGF-2 and TGF-β Expression in Human Gingival Fibroblasts.

Sodium fluoride (NaF) is a fluoride application recommended by the World Health Organization for its efficacy and safety in preventing dental caries. Gingival fibroblasts that constitute the majority of connective tissue cells play a major role in wound healing via the expression of growth factors, including fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β). This study examined the effect of NaF mouthwash on FGF-2 and TGF-β expression in human gingival fibroblasts (HGnFs).

Co-Stimulation of AGEs and LPS Induces Inflammatory Mediators through PLCγ1/JNK/NF-κB Pathway in MC3T3-E1 Cells.

Advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) are increased under hyperglycemia in vivo and are associated with the onset of diabetes. According to previous studies, AGEs exacerbate inflammatory diseases. However, the mechanism by which AGEs aggravate osteoblast inflammation remains unknown.

Human Gingival Fibroblast Attachment to Smooth Titanium Disks with Different Surface Roughnesses.

Peri-implantitis is a significant problem associated with dental implants. It has been hypothesized that creating a soft-tissue seal around the implant neck prevents peri-implantitis. This study aims to clarify the effects of the surface smoothness of titanium disks on soft tissues.

Effects of Electric-Toothbrush Vibrations on the Expression of Collagen and Non-Collagen Proteins through the Focal Adhesion Kinase Signaling Pathway in Gingival Fibroblasts.

Electric-toothbrush vibrations, which remove plaque, are transmitted to the gingival connective tissue via epithelial cells. Physical energy affects cell function; however, the effects of electric-toothbrush vibrations on gingival extracellular matrix (ECM) protein expression remain unknown. We aimed to examine the effects of these vibrations on the expression of ECM proteins-type I collagen (col I), type III collagen (col III), elastin, and fibronectin (FN)-using human gingival fibroblasts (HGnFs).

Epstein-Barr Virus Promotes the Production of Inflammatory Cytokines in Gingival Fibroblasts and RANKL-Induced Osteoclast Differentiation in RAW264.7 Cells.

Periodontitis is an inflammatory condition that causes the destruction of the supporting tissues of teeth and is a major public health problem affecting more than half of the adult population worldwide. Recently, members of the herpes virus family, such as the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), have been suggested to be involved in the etiology of periodontitis because bacterial activity alone does not adequately explain the clinical characteristics of periodontitis. However, the role of EBV in the etiology of periodontitis is unknown.

A Validation Study of the National Database of Health Insurance Claims and Specific Health Checkups of Japan Regarding the Annual Number of Tooth Extractions Performed Across the Entire Japanese Population.

This report describes a validation study of data in the National Database of Health Insurance Claims and Specific Health Checkups of Japan (NDB) obtained by nationwide surveys on tooth extractions. The following 3 data sources on tooth extractions in Japan were compared: (1) the Nationwide Survey of the Reasons for Permanent Tooth Extractions in Japan (a previous survey conducted by the present authors); (2) the Statistics on Medical Care Activities in Public Health Insurance; and (3) the 4th NDB Open Data Japan. Source 1 was a nationwide survey conducted in 2018; sources 2 and 3 comprised data that are freely available for use by the public.

Effect of Azithromycin on Mineralized Nodule Formation in MC3T3-E1 Cells.

Azithromycin displays immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects in addition to broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity and is used to treat inflammatory diseases, including respiratory and odontogenic infections. Few studies have reported the effect of azithromycin therapy on bone remodeling processes. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of azithromycin on the osteogenic function of osteoblasts using osteoblast-like MC3T3-E1 cells.

Self-Reported Diabetes Mellitus and Tooth Extraction Due to Periodontal Disease and Dental Caries in the Japanese Population.

Diabetes mellitus is closely related to oral health. We aimed to determine the relationship between diabetes mellitus and tooth extraction due to periodontal disease and dental caries. Japan's second nationwide survey data collected from 4 June to 10 June 2018 was used to identify reasons for tooth extraction among patients aged > 40 years.

Reasons for Tooth Extractions in Japan: The Second Nationwide Survey.

Background: More than 10 years have passed since the first nationwide study on the reasons for tooth extraction in Japan. In the present study, we conducted the second nationwide survey to update the previous data.

Methods: This was a descriptive study.

Impact of dental health intervention on cardiovascular metabolic risk: a pilot study of Japanese adults.

This study aimed to determine whether a dental health education program would reduce cardiometabolic risk (obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and hyperglycemia) in people with periodontitis. We used annual check-up data provided by the Japanese company's health insurance union. Of 182 male employees with cardiometabolic risk and periodontal pockets at baseline, 21 participants of the dental health education program and 21 non-participants matched for age, the presence of obesity, and periodontal pocket at baseline were allocated to the intervention (mean age, 53.

Morphological characteristics of interalveolar septum and mandible in BMAL1 gene knockout mice.

Purpose: Circadian rhythm is associated with the pathogenesis of systemic disease and bone mineral metabolism. This study aimed to radiographically evaluate morphological characteristics of the interalveolar septum in circadian rhythm deficient animals.

Methods: Heads of 10 brain and muscle arnt-like protein-1 (BMAL1)-knockout (KO) mice and 10 wild-type mice sacrificed at 36 weeks were imaged using micro-computed tomography.

Effects of interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α on the expression of angiogenic and collagenolytic factors in premature and mature adipocytes.

Objective: The remodeling of the vascular network and collagen in the extracellular matrix is closely associated with the expansion and dysfunction of adipose tissue. In the present study, we investigated the effects of interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α on the expression of angiogenic factors, collagen, and collagenase and its endogenous inhibitor in premature and mature adipocytes.

Methods: Premature and mature adipocytes were differentiated from 3T3-L1 cells and stimulated with IL-6 or TNF-α to mimic the early and late phases of obesity development.

Identification of Smad-dependent and -independent signaling with transforming growth factor-β type 1/2 receptor inhibition in palatogenesis.

TGF-β signaling is one of important function during palatal fusion. Three types of TGF-β receptor (TβR1, TβR2, and TβR3) have been identified, and play essential roles in mechanisms leading to palatal fusion. However, the balance between Smad-dependent/-independent signaling during palatal fusion with inhibited TβR1/2 functions is not fully understood.

Effect of Periodontitis and Toothbrushing Frequency on Obesity Onset: A Cohort Study.

BACKGROUND The interplay between obesity and periodontitis has been widely examined. While obesity was reported as a risk factor for periodontitis, the inverse relationship is still little explored. Therefore, we aimed to determine whether periodontitis and toothbrushing frequency affect the onset of obesity.

Changes in Oral Health and Treatment Needs for Elderly Residents of Long-Term Care Facilities Over 10 Years.

Purpose: This study aimed to examine the oral health status of seniors residing in Providence Health Care (PHC) long-term care facilities in 2002 and 2012.

Methods: Staff dentists with the University of British Columbia Geriatric Dentistry Program made a complete oral health assessment of 799 elderly residents of 7 long-term care PHC facilities in 2002 and 381 residents in the 5 remaining PHC facilities in 2012. The 2012 data were divided into those for 275 residents who had received treatment in previous years and 106 new residents.

Continuous Compressive Force Induces Differentiation of Osteoclasts with High Levels of Inorganic Dissolution.

BACKGROUND Osteoclast precursor cells are constitutively differentiated into mature osteoclasts on bone tissues. We previously reported that the continuous stimulation of RAW264.7 precursor cells with compressive force induces the formation of multinucleated giant cells via receptor activator of nuclear factor kappaB (RANK)-RANK ligand (RANKL) signaling.

Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound induces cartilage matrix synthesis and reduced MMP13 expression in chondrocytes.

Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) is used for bone healing in orthopedics. In previous in vivo and in vitro studies, LIPUS has been shown to have promising effects on cellular elements in articular cartilage, particularly chondrocytes in patients with osteoarthritis. However, the effects of LIPUS on the cellular mechanisms through which LIPUS alters extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis in chondrocytes are unclear.

Continuous application of compressive force induces fusion of osteoclast-like RAW264.7 cells via upregulation of RANK and downregulation of LGR4.

Aims: During orthodontic treatment, facilitating osteoclastic bone resorption in the alveolar bone exposed to the compressive force (CF) is an important factor for tooth movement. The present study investigated the effect of CF stimulation on the differentiation of RAW264.7 cells from precursors to mature osteoclasts.

PYK2 mediates BzATP-induced extracellular matrix proteins synthesis.

Mechanical stimuli such as fluid shear and cyclic tension force induced extracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) release in osteoblasts. In particular, cyclic tension force-induced ATP enhances bone formation through P2X7 activation. Proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2 (PYK2) mediate osteoblasts differentiation is induced by mechanical stimuli.

Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced IL-6 and RANKL expression in osteoblasts.

Periodontal disease is caused by inflammation induced by Porphyromonas gingivalis (P.g.) lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and involves expression of proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL), which are implicated in bone resorption.

Effects of C-reactive protein on the expression of matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitors via Fcγ receptors on 3T3-L1 adipocytes.

The association between obesity and inflammation is well documented in epidemiological studies. Proteolysis of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins is involved in adipose tissue enlargement, and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) collectively cleave all ECM proteins. Here, we examined the effects of C-reactive protein (CRP), an inflammatory biomarker, on the expression of MMPs and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs), which are natural inhibitors of MMPs, in adipocyte-differentiated 3T3-L1 cells.

Involvement of the calcium-sensing receptor in mineral trioxide aggregate-induced osteogenic gene expression in murine MC3T3-E1 cells.

Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) has excellent biocompatibility as well as bioactivity, including an ability to induce osteoblast differentiation. We examined the effects of the calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) on osteogenic gene expression induced by MTA. MC3T3-E1 cells were cultured with or without (control) MTA.

Association Between the Duration of Periodontitis and Increased Cardiometabolic Risk Factors: A 9-Year Cohort Study.

Background: Epidemiological studies have reported that periodontitis and cardiometabolic disease such as cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes are associated; however, there have been very few prospective cohort studies on this topic. Therefore, we conducted a 9-year follow-up study to examine the relationship between the duration of periodontitis and cardiometabolic risk factors, including hypertension, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and obesity.

Methods: The study participants comprised 572 adult industrial workers (417 men and 155 women; mean age, 37.

Tension Force Downregulates Matrix Metalloproteinase Expression and Upregulates the Expression of Their Inhibitors through MAPK Signaling Pathways in MC3T3-E1 cells.

Objective: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), produced by osteoblasts, catalyze the turnover of extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules in osteoid, and the regulation of MMP activity depends on interactions between MMPs and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs). We focused on the degradation process of ECM in osteoid that was exposed to mechanical strain, and conducted an in vitro study using MC3T3-E1 osteoblastic cells to examine the effects of tension force (TF) on the expression of MMPs and TIMPs, and activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways.

Design: Cells were incubated on flexible-bottomed culture plates and stimulated with or without cyclic TF for 24 hours.