Understanding Cardiac Anatomy and Imaging to Improve Safety of Procedures: The Femoral Artery and Vein: Part 2.

This paper revisits and shows comprehensive femoral access site anatomy with a combination of images obtained from detailed cadaveric dissection, fluoroscopy, computed tomography, ultrasound, and 3-dimensional printings. Part 2 focuses on the fluoroscopic anatomy, pelvic cavity, and complications. In addition, a file for 3-dimensional printing is provided.

Understanding Cardiac Anatomy and Imaging to Improve Safety of Procedures: The Femoral Artery and Vein: Part 1.

We revisit and show comprehensive femoral access site anatomy with a combination of images obtained from detailed cadaveric dissection, fluoroscopy, computed tomography, ultrasound, and 3-dimensional printings. Part 1 focuses on the femoral triangle, femoral bifurcation, fluoroscopic and/or ultrasonographic anatomy, and branches of the femoral artery. Profound understanding of this region is fundamental to facilitate safe procedures and to avoid unnecessary complications.

Enhanced Plaque Stabilization Effects of Alirocumab - Insights From Artificial Intelligence-Aided Optical Coherence Tomography Analysis of the Alirocumab for Thin-Cap Fibroatheroma in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease Estimated by Optical Coherence Tomography (ALTAIR) Study.

Background: Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitors stabilize vulnerable plaque, reducing cardiovascular events. However, manual optical coherence tomography (OCT) analysis of drug efficacy is challenging because of signal attenuation within lipid plaques.

Methods And Results: Twenty-four patients with thin-cap fibroatheroma were prospectively enrolled and randomized to receive alirocumab (75 mg every 2 weeks) plus rosuvastatin (10 mg/day) or rosuvastatin (10 mg/day) alone.

Impact of morphofunctional assessment with quantitative flow ratio and optical coherence tomography in patients with acute coronary syndromes.

Background: Combining morphological and physiological evaluations might improve the risk stratification of patients who undergo percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for acute coronary syndrome (ACS) culprit lesions.

Aims: We aimed to investigate the clinical utility of morphofunctional evaluation after PCI for identifying ACS patients with increased risk of subsequent clinical events.

Methods: We retrospectively studied 298 consecutive ACS patients who had undergone optical coherence tomography (OCT)-guided PCI.

Overview of the 88 Annual Scientific Meeting of the Japanese Circulation Society (JCS2024) - The Future of Cardiology - Challenges in Overcoming Cardiovascular Disease.

The 88Annual Scientific Meeting of the Japanese Circulation Society (JCS2024) was held from Friday, March 8to Sunday, March 10in Kobe, Japan. The main theme of this 3-day meeting was "The Future of Cardiology: Challenges in Overcoming Cardiovascular Disease". As COVID-19 has been finally conquered, with revision of its categorization under the Infectious Disease Control Law and relaxation of infection prevention measures, it was once again possible to have face-to-face presentations and lively discussion.

Impact of Pericoronary Adipose Tissue Attenuation on Periprocedural Myocardial Injury in Patients With Chronic Coronary Syndrome.

Background: Perivascular inflammation contributes to the development of atherosclerosis and microcirculatory dysfunction. Pericoronary adipose tissue (PCAT) attenuation, measured by coronary computed tomography angiography, is a potential indicator of coronary inflammation. However, the relationship between PCAT attenuation, microcirculatory dysfunction, and periprocedural myocardial injury (PMI) remains unclear.

Development of Pericardial Fat Count Images Using a Combination of Three Different Deep-Learning Models: Image Translation Model From Chest Radiograph Image to Projection Image of Three-Dimensional Computed Tomography.

Rationale And Objectives: Pericardial fat (PF)-the thoracic visceral fat surrounding the heart-promotes the development of coronary artery disease by inducing inflammation of the coronary arteries. To evaluate PF, we generated pericardial fat count images (PFCIs) from chest radiographs (CXRs) using a dedicated deep-learning model.

Materials And Methods: We reviewed data of 269 consecutive patients who underwent coronary computed tomography (CT).

Diagnostic Accuracy of Pre-Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement Nitroglycerin-Free Fractional Flow Reserve-Computed Tomography-Based Physiological Assessment in Patients With Severe Aortic Stenosis for Predicting Post-Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement Ischemia.

Background: Fractional flow reserve-computed tomography (FFR) has not been validated in patients with severe aortic stenosis (AS) undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) for coronary artery disease due to theoretical difficulties in using nitroglycerin for such patients.

Methods and results: In this single-center study, we prospectively enrolled 21 patients (34 vessels) and performed pre-TAVR FFRwithout nitroglycerin, pre-TAVR invasive instantaneous wave-free ratio (iFR) measurements, and post-TAVR FFR measurements using a pressure wire. The diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of pre-TAVR FFR≤0.

Significance of pharmacist intervention to oral antithrombotic therapy in the pharmaceutical outpatient clinic of cardiovascular internal medicine: a retrospective cohort study.

Background: Optimised antithrombotic therapy requires clinical experience and an understanding of the current guidelines. This retrospective study aimed to evaluate whether pharmacist interviews and interventions with patients taking oral antithrombotic drugs in the pharmaceutical outpatient cardiology clinic had favourable clinical outcomes including decreased bleeding.

Methods: The participants included patients visiting the outpatient clinic of cardiovascular internal medicine at the Kobe University Hospital from January-December 2017, and were taking oral antithrombotic medication.

Clinical impact of optical coherence tomography findings after drug-coated balloon treatment for patients with acute coronary syndromes.

Background: Drug-coated balloon (DCB) became a potential treatment option for patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS); however, factors associated with target lesion failure (TLF) remain uncertain.

Methods: This retrospective, multicentre, observational study included consecutive ACS patients who underwent optical coherence tomography (OCT)-guided DCB treatment. Patients were divided into two groups according to the occurrence of TLF, a composite of cardiac death, target vessel-related myocardial infarction, and ischemia-driven target lesion revascularisation.

The relationship between unique gut microbiome-derived lipid metabolites and subsequent revascularization in patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention.

Background And Aims: Studies have recently revealed the linoleic acid metabolic pathway of Lactobacillus plantarum, the representative gut bacterium in human gastrointestinal tract, and the anti-inflammatory effects of metabolites in this pathway. However, no clinical trials have evaluated the association between these metabolites and revascularization in patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed patients who underwent PCI with subsequent revascularization or coronary angiography (CAG) without revascularization.

Association of acute improvement in left ventricular longitudinal function after transcatheter aortic valve implantation with outcomes for severe aortic stenosis and preserved ejection fraction.

Background: Global longitudinal strain (GLS) is reportedly a sensitive marker for early subtle abnormalities in left ventricular (LV) performance of asymptomatic patients with severe aortic stenosis (AS) and preserved LV ejection fraction (LVEF). For symptomatic patients with severe AS and preserved LVEF, however, the association of immediate improvement in GLS after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) with long-term outcomes remains uncertain.

Methods: This study concerned 151 symptomatic patients with severe AS and preserved LVEF who had undergone TAVI.

Prediction of the debulking effect of rotational atherectomy using optical frequency domain imaging: a prospective study.

This study determined the predictive accuracy of optical frequency domain imaging (OFDI) on debulking effects of rotational atherectomy (RA) and compared the predictive accuracy of OFDI catheter-based with Rota wire-based prediction methods. This prospective, single-center, observational study included 55 consecutive patients who underwent OFDI-guided RA. On pre-RA OFDI images, a circle, identical to the Rota burr was drawn at the center of the OFDI catheter (OFDI catheter-based prediction method) or wire (wire-based prediction method).

Predictors of target lesion revascularisation after drug-eluting stent implantation for calcified nodules: an optical coherence tomography study.

Background: Evidence of prognostic factors for stent failure after drug-eluting stent implantation for calcified nodules (CNs) is limited.

Aims: We aimed to clarify the prognostic risk factors associated with stent failure among patients who underwent drug-eluting stent implantation for CN lesions using optical coherence tomography (OCT).

Methods: This retrospective, multicentre, observational study included 108 consecutive patients with CNs who underwent OCT-guided percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

Multidisciplinary diagnostic approach for fulminant myocarditis related to coronavirus disease 2019 messenger RNA vaccines: a case report.

Background: Recent reports have raised serious concerns regarding acute myocarditis related to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines. There are only a few reports of fulminant lymphocytic myocarditis that developed after vaccination. Although the diagnostic approach varied among them, no cases with multidisciplinary diagnostic approaches, including cytokine analysis, have been reported.

Potential relationship between high wall shear stress and plaque rupture causing acute coronary syndrome.

The relationship between high wall shear stress (WSS) and plaque rupture (PR) in longitudinal and circumferential locations remains uncertain. Overall, 100 acute coronary syndrome patients whose culprit lesions had PR, documented by optical coherence tomography (OCT), were enrolled. Lesion-specific three-dimensional coronary artery models were created using OCT data.

Optical Coherence Tomography Fractional Flow Reserve and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome.

Background: Optical coherence tomography-derived fractional flow reserve (OCT-FFR) correlates strongly with wire-based FFR; however, its clinical significance remains uncertain.

Objectives: This study sought to investigate the relationship between post-percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) OCT-FFR and long-term clinical outcomes in acute coronary syndrome (ACS).

Methods: This retrospective, multicenter, observational cohort study included consecutive patients with ACS who underwent OCT-guided emergency PCI.