Association of Body Water Balance, Nutritional Risk, and Sarcopenia with Outcome in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Single-Center Prospective Study.

In the present study, we examined the inter-relationships between body water balance, nutritional risk, sarcopenia, and outcome after acute ischemic stroke (AIS) in patients who were living independently. We defined abnormal body water balance as overhydration, with an extracellular fluid/total body water ratio > 0.390.

Cerebellar Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy Mimicking Anti-Yo-Antibody-Associated Rapidly Progressive Cerebellar Syndrome.

A 58-year-old woman with a history of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) who was taking prednisolone and mycophenolate mofetil presented with gait disturbances that progressively worsened over a period of 3 months. Her blood test and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examination results did not indicate active SLE. Initial brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a small spotty lesion in the left cerebellar peduncle.

Two Patients with Spontaneous Spinal Epidural Hematoma Carrying a Good Prognosis without Surgical Operations.

(1) Introduction: Spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma (SSEH) points to hematoma within the epidural space of the spinal cord without traumatic or iatrogenic causes. (2) Case Reports: One patient showed paraplegia, numbness of both legs with acute onset, acute myelopathic signs, subsequent to back pain. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed hematoma in the posterior part of the thoracic spinal cord.

Post-Stroke Pneumonia in Real-World Practice: Background, Microbiological Examination, and Treatment.

Post-stroke pneumonia (PSP) has an impact on acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Although predictive scores for PSP have been developed, it is occasionally difficult to predict. Clarifying how PSP was treated after its onset in clinical practice is important.

Intramedullary spinal cord abscess associated with right-to-left shunt via right superior vena cava draining into left atrium: A case report.

Rationale: Intramedullary spinal cord abscess (ISCA) is a rare but treatable bacterial infection of the central nervous system, and the etiology in no less than 40% of the cases is cryptogenic. Although a few cases of ISCA in individuals with a right-to-left shunt (RL shunt) have been reported, only few arguments focused on the association between RL shunt and ISCA have been provoked. The right superior vena cava (RSVC) draining into the left atrium (LA) is an uncommon systemic venous anomaly that results in an RL shunt, and this anomaly causes several types of neurological complication such as stroke or brain abscess.

Clinical Study of Cerebral Ischemia in Moyamoya Disease from the View of Development of the Anterior Choroidal Artery.

Objectives: The anterior choroidal artery (AchA) is one of the collateral vessels in moyamoya disease (MMD). The incidence of cerebral ischemia in MMD was analyzed through the association between development of the AchA and advancement of MMD stage.

Materials And Methods: Twelve patients of MMD with cerebral ischemia (infarction; 9 patients, transient ischemic attack; 3 patients) were enrolled.

Relationship between Nutritional Scales and Prognosis in Elderly Patients after Acute Ischemic Stroke: Comparison of Controlling Nutritional Status Score and Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index.

Background/aims: Undernutrition is common in patients after acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and predicts poor clinical outcomes. We assessed the relationship between undernutrition and prognosis after AIS.

Methods: We retrospectively assessed consecutively hospitalized AIS patients aged ≥65 years.

Ruptured long intramedullary spinal cord abscess successfully treated with antibiotic treatment.

Intramedullary spinal cord abscess (ISCA) is an extremely rare infection of the central nervous system. We report a 17-year old man with ISCA that suggested rupture confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The patient presented with meningeal signs, severe paraplegia, sensory impairment with a sensory level, and urinary retention.

Late-onset MELAS syndrome with mtDNA 14453G→A mutation masquerading as an acute encephalitis: a case report.

Background: A unique patient with MELAS syndrome, who initially masqueraded as having acute encephalitis and was eventually diagnosed with MELAS syndrome harboring a mtDNA 14453G → A mutation, is described.

Case Presentation: A 74-year-old Japanese man was admitted to another hospital due to acute onset of cognitive impairment and psychosis. After 7 days he was transferred to our hospital with seizures and deteriorating psychosis.

Clinical Study of Thirteen Patients with Spinal Cord Infarction.

Background: A concept of sensory tracts in the spinal cord has been established in relation to a dorsolateral pathway which is located in the posterior part of the lateral column and conveys the deep sense.

Methods: The clinical status at onset, neurological symptoms, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in 13 patients of spinal cord infarction were studied.

Results: The clinical status was acute in 11 patients and subacute in 2 patients.

Clinical Study on 3 Patients with Infarction of the Vermis/Tonsil in the Cerebellum.

Background: Infarction of the vermis and the tonsil in the cerebellum presents as truncal and gait ataxia. Acute rotatory vertigo is often present in infarction of the nodulus in the caudal vermis, which is closely associated with the vestibular pathway, but is minor in infarction of the rostral vermis. The rostral vermis receives input from the dorsal spinocerebellar tract (DSCT) which conveys unconsciousness proprioceptive signals from the ipsilateral lower trunk and leg.

Relationship between Cytotoxicity in the Hippocampus and an Abnormal High Intensity Area on the Diffusion-weighted Images of Three Patients with Transient Global Amnesia.

Objective An abnormal high intensity area (HIA) on diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) indicates the presence of cytotoxic edema and has been reported to be observed in the hippocampus of patients with transient global amnesia (TGA). The appearance of an HIA on DWI is usually delayed after the onset of patients with amnesia in TGA; thus, the significance of the HIA was evaluated in patients with TGA. Methods Three adult TGA patients who had a unilateral HIA on DWI (right, n=2; left, n=1) were enrolled.

Clinical Study of 27 Patients with Medial Medullary Infarction.

Background: Medial medullary infarction (MMI) is a rare ischemic stroke. Frequency of each neurological finding in MMI was different in each study.

Methods: We retrospectively evaluated the medical records of patients with cerebral infarction who were admitted between March 1998 and October 2015.

Small, smooth, nonmobile cardiac myxoma detected by transesophageal echocardiography following recurrent cerebral infarction: a case report.

Background: Cardiac myxoma is known to cause repeated events of cerebral embolism. Soft and irregularly shaped myxomas with high mobility are associated with a higher occurrence of cerebral embolism. In contrast, nonmobile cardiac myxomas with a round regular shape are rarely considered to be a cause of cerebral embolism.

Clinical Study of Seven Patients with Infarction in Territories of the Anterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery.

Background: The prominent features of anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA) infarction are vertigo, cerebellar ataxia, and impaired hearing. The present study investigated neurological characteristics associated with AICA infarction.

Materials And Methods: The locations of infarcts in 7 patients (age, 32-72 years) with AICA infarction were divided into the lower lateral pons, the middle cerebellar peduncle (MCP), and the cerebellum.

Surgically Cured, Relapsed Pneumococcal Meningitis Due to Bone Defects, Non-invasively Identified by Three-dimensional Multi-detector Computed Tomography.

A 43-year-old Japanese man presented with a history of bacterial meningitis (BM). He was admitted to our department with a one-day history of headache and was diagnosed with relapse of BM based on the cerebrospinal fluid findings. The conventional imaging studies showed serial findings suggesting left otitis media, a temporal cephalocele, and meningitis.

[A case of bilateral medial medullary infarction caused by unilateral vertebral artery dissection].

A 34-year-old man developed right neck pain. Several hours later, he felt numbness of his extremities and presented at our hospital. He developed right hemiparesis and hypoesthesia of the right extremities.