LPCAT3/LPLAT12 deficiency in the liver ameliorates acetaminophen-induced acute liver injury.

Acetaminophen (APAP) is a double-edged sword, mainly depending on the dosage. A moderate dose of APAP is effective for fever and pain relief; however, an overdose induces acute liver injury. The mechanism underlying APAP-induced acute liver failure is unclear, and its treatment is limited.

The lipid mediator protectin D1 inhibits influenza virus replication and improves severe influenza.

Influenza A viruses are a major cause of mortality. Given the potential for future lethal pandemics, effective drugs are needed for the treatment of severe influenza such as that caused by H5N1 viruses. Using mediator lipidomics and bioactive lipid screen, we report that the omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)-derived lipid mediator protectin D1 (PD1) markedly attenuated influenza virus replication via RNA export machinery.

Trehalose treatment suppresses inflammation, oxidative stress, and vasospasm induced by experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Background: Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) frequently results in several complications, including cerebral vasospasm, associated with high mortality. Although cerebral vasospasm is a major cause of brain damages after SAH, other factors such as inflammatory responses and oxidative stress also contribute to high mortality after SAH. Trehalose is a non-reducing disaccharide in which two glucose units are linked by α,α-1,1-glycosidic bond, and has been shown to induce tolerance to a variety of stressors in numerous organisms.

Biochemical properties and pathophysiological roles of cytosolic phospholipase A2s.

Phospholipase A(2) (PLA(2)) (EC 3.1.1.

Cytosolic phospholipase A2: biochemical properties and physiological roles.

Phosphatidylcholine (PC) is a major constituent of biological membranes and a component of serum lipoproteins and pulmonary surfactants. The PC and other glycerophospholipid compositions of membranes change dynamically through stimulus-dependent and independent pathways, principally by the action of two different types of enzymes; phospholipase A2 [EC 3.1.

Identification of novel cytosolic phospholipase A(2)s, murine cPLA(2){delta}, {epsilon}, and {zeta}, which form a gene cluster with cPLA(2){beta}.

Phospholipase A(2) hydrolyzes the sn-2 ester bond of glycerophospholipids that produce free fatty acids and lysophospholipids. Cytosolic phospholipase A(2)s (cPLA(2), group IV) are a subgroup of enzymes that act on the intracellular phospholipid membrane. The best investigated cPLA(2)alpha (group IVA) is a key enzyme for lipid mediator production in vivo.

Potentiality of DNA-dependent protein kinase to phosphorylate Ser46 of human p53.

DNA damage induces accumulation and activation of p53 via various posttranslational modifications. Among them, several lines of evidence indicated the phosphorylation of Ser46 as an important mediator of DNA damage-induced apoptosis but the responsible kinase remains to be clarified, especially in the case of ionizing radiation (IR). Here we showed that DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) could phosphorylate Ser46 of p53 in addition to reported phosphorylation sites Ser15 and Ser37.