Two cases of transplant-acquired food allergy who developed resensitization after a negative oral food challenge.

Background: Cases of food allergy after hematopoietic stem cell and solid organ transplantation in previously nonallergic transplant recipients were reported as transplant-acquired food allergy (TAFA), but information about its long-term outcome is still limited. A phenomenon where patients reacquire food allergy by resuming daily consumption after a negative oral food challenge has not yet been reported.

Case Presentation: We report two cases of TAFA after liver transplantation and cord blood transplantation.

House dust mite SLIT-tablet is well tolerated in pediatric patients with controlled asthma.

Background: : Despite the reported clinical effectiveness of house dust mite (HDM) sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) in pediatric patients, the risk of treatment remains unclear in pediatric patients with allergic asthma.

Objective: To show a risk of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in pediatric patient with allergic asthma during the initiation period of HDM SLIT.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of pediatric patients aged ≤ 15 years who initiated allergen immunotherapy (AIT) with the SQ HDM SLIT-tablet for allergic rhinitis between February 2017 and September 2019.

Effect of Japanese cedar-specific sublingual immunotherapy on allergen-specific TH2 cell counts in blood.

Background: The contribution of antigen-specific TH cells in peripheral blood to immunologic mechanisms underlying sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) remains unclear, partly because of the lack of a standardized method for the analysis of this rare lymphocyte subset.

Objective: To clarify the role of antigen-specific TH cells during SLIT using a sensitive method analyzing activation marker CD154-positive TH cells with multicolor flow cytometry.

Methods: We assessed antigen-specific TH cells using multicolor flow cytometry based on the expression of the activation marker CD154 and intracellular cytokines in patients with Japanese cedar pollinosis receiving SLIT at baseline and during the first pollen season after the initiation of SLIT.

Multicolor flow-cytometric analysis of milk allergen-specific T-helper type 2 cells revealed coexpression of interleukin-4 with Foxp3.

Background: Allergen-specific T-helper type 2 (TH2) cells play an important role in the development of allergic inflammation; however, investigations of the properties of allergen-specific T cells have been challenging in humans. Despite clear evidence that forkhead box p3 (Foxp3) is expressed in conventional effector T cells, its function has remained unknown.

Objective: To characterize allergen-specific TH2 cells in milk allergy, with particular focus on the expression of Foxp3.

Japanese cedar pollen-based subcutaneous immunotherapy decreases tomato fruit-specific basophil activation.

Background: Some patients with Japanese cedar pollen (JCP)-induced allergic rhinitis develop pollen-food allergy syndrome (PFAS) as a reaction to tomato fruit. Pollen allergen-specific subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) is reportedly beneficial for some associated food allergies; however, the reported changes in food allergen-specific immunoglobulin (Ig)E and IgG4 levels are inconsistent. Here, we investigated immunologic reactivity to tomato fruit after JCP-based SCIT.

Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage secondary to ANCA-associated vasculitis in a patient with Down syndrome.

Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage (DAH) is a rare disease characterized by dyspnea, cough, hemoptysis, and new alveolar infiltrates. Among the various underlying disorders, vasculitis is believed to play a significant role in the pathogenesis of DAH. Here we report the first case of a patient with Down syndrome who developed DAH secondary to anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis.

Effect of Japanese cedar specific immunotherapy on allergen-specific T(H)2 cells in peripheral blood.

Background: The involvement of a shift from TH2 to TH1 responses in peripheral blood in pollen subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) has been contentious, partly because of difficulties analyzing antigen-specific TH cells.

Objectives: To use recent technical advances to establish a more direct and simple method to analyze antigen-specific TH cells and to clarify the involvement of a TH2/TH1 shift in peripheral blood in pollen specific immunotherapy.

Methods: After short-term (6-hour) antigen stimulation, antigen-specific TH cells in peripheral blood of Japanese children and young adults with Japanese cedar pollinosis undergoing SCIT were analyzed by multicolor flow cytometry for the presence of the activation marker CD154 and intracellular cytokines.

DOOR syndrome concomitant with non-convulsive status epilepticus and hyperintense cerebellar cortex on T2-weighted imaging.

We report a case study of an 11-year-old Japanese boy with complex partial status epilepticus, a type of non-convulsive status epilepticus, concomitant with DOOR syndrome. To our knowledge, this is the first report of this type of epilepsy concomitant with DOOR syndrome. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging showed diffuse atrophy of the cerebellar cortex.

Acylcarnitine profiles during carnitine loading and fasting tests in a Japanese patient with medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency.

Medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (MCADD) is rare among Asian individuals, and the clinical course and biochemical findings remain unclear. We report herein a 3-year-old Japanese girl with MCADD. The diagnosis was suggested by acylcarnitine profiles and confirmed by enzyme activity and genetic analysis after clinical presentation.