Combined simultaneous endoscopic endonasal and transcranial surgery using high-definition three-dimensional exoscope for malignant tumors of the anterior skull base.

Background: Advanced surgical interventions are required to treat malignancies in the anterior skull base (ASB). This study investigates the utility of endoscopic endonasal and transcranial surgery (EETS) using a high-definition three-dimensional exoscope as an alternative to traditional microscopy.

Methods: Six patients with carcinomas of varying histopathologies underwent surgery employing the EETS maneuver, which synchronized three distinct surgical modalities: harvesting of the anterolateral thigh flap, initiation of the transnasal technique, and initiation of the transcranial procedure.

Risk Factors for Anterior Skull Base Injury in Endoscopic Sinus Surgery.

Objectives This retrospective study aimed to investigate the relationships between the Keros classification, the Gera classification, the vertical height of the posterior ethmoid roof (ER), and anterior ethmoidal artery (AEA) types in Japanese patients. Methods We investigated the computed tomography (CT) slices of paranasal sinuses (120 sides) of 60 patients; measured the cribriform plate (CP) depth, lateral lamella CP angle (LLCPA), and vertical height of the lateral ER from the hard palate (LERHP) at the coronal plane of the posterior ethmoidal artery (PEA); and reviewed the AEA types, whether floating or non-floating. Results CP depth was positively correlated with LLCPA (r=0.

Macroarray expression analysis of cytokines and prostaglandin metabolism-related genes in chronic rhinosinusitis.

Background: Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) can be divided into endotypes by functional or pathophysiologic findings.

Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the expression of cytokines, prostaglandin (PG) synthases, and their receptors related to the pathogenesis of CRS, especially those contributing to nasal polyp (NP) formation.

Methods: NPs and uncinate tissue (UT) samples were collected from 90 patients who underwent endoscopic sinus surgery.

Rhinogenic optic neuropathy with hemianopia caused by ethmoidal sinus mucocele.

A patient complained of acute right vision loss and headache. A computed tomography scan revealed ethmoidal sinus mucocele in the right ethmoid sinus that was compressing the optic nerve and emergency endoscopic sinus surgery was performed.

Chronic active Epstein-Barr virus infection presenting as refractory chronic sinusitis.

A 44-year-old Japanese man presented with fever and sore throat. He had a history of refractory chronic sinusitis that did not respond to several years of pharmacotherapy, and underwent endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) 5 months prior to his presentation, but his symptoms persisted. A biopsy specimen was taken from the right nasal cavity, and extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type (ENKTL) was diagnosed.

Mapping naso-ocular symptom scores to EQ-5D-5L utility values in Japanese cedar pollinosis.

Background: The total naso-ocular symptom score (TSS) is widely used as an endpoint to evaluate the severity of seasonal allergic rhinitis. However, it is not a generic preference-based measure. We sought to develop an algorithm for mapping between the TSS and health utility in Japanese cedar pollinosis (JCP).

A Phase II, Multicenter, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study of Benralizumab, a Humanized Anti-IL-5R Alpha Monoclonal Antibody, in Patients With Eosinophilic Chronic Rhinosinusitis.

Background: Strong eosinophil infiltration in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyp (CRSwNP) is highly associated with recalcitrance and higher nasal polyp recurrence rate after surgery. The prevalence of eosinophilic CRSwNP (ECRS) is increasing in Asian countries including Japan. Benralizumab is a humanized anti-IL-5R alpha monoclonal antibody that depletes eosinophils by antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity.

A case of rhinocerebral mucormycosis with brain abscess drained by endoscopic endonasal skull base surgery.

A 70-year-old Japanese man undergoing remission induction therapy for acute monocytic leukemia (AML-M5b) developed fever and headache, and was started on antibiotics and liposomal amphotericin B (L-AMB). There was no improvement, and computed tomography and contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging revealed acute rhinosinusitis and brain abscess. Successful endoscopic endonasal surgery was performed at this point, providing drainage for the rhinosinusitis and abscess.

Effect of Prostaglandin D on mRNA Expression of Three Isoforms of Hyaluronic Acid Synthase in Nasal Polyp Fibroblasts.

Background: Hyaluronan is one of the major extracellular matrixes in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) associated with tissue remodeling. Prostaglandin D (PGD) is also associated with the pathogenesis of CRS. However, little is known about whether PGD regulates hyaluronan production by human airway fibroblasts.

Serum IgG4 as a biomarker reflecting pathophysiology and post-operative recurrence in chronic rhinosinusitis.

Background: Type 2 chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), especially eosinophilic CRS (ECRS), is an intractable upper airway inflammatory disease. Establishment of serum biomarkers reflecting the pathophysiology of CRS is desirable in a clinical setting. As IgG4 production is regulated by type 2 cytokines, we sought to determine whether serum IgG4 levels can be used as a biomarker for CRS.

Long-term treatment with clarithromycin and carbocisteine improves lung function in chronic cough patients with chronic rhinosinusitis.

Purpose: Chronic cough is a common complaint. Because the pathophysiology of chronic cough is complicated, the management of chronic cough is challenging. To the best of our knowledge, no previous study has examined the effect of macrolide antibiotics in chronic cough patients with chronic rhinosinusitis.

[THE EXAMINATION OF IGE AND PERIPHERAL BLOOD MONONUCLEAR CELLS RESPONSES TO FLOUR EXTRACTS IN A BAKER'S RHINITIS PATIENT].

Background: Baker's rhinitis is a kind of occupational allergic rhinitis mainly caused by intranasal exposure to wheat and/or rye flour in bakery workers. Continuous exposure to flour may induce the onset of asthma in these patients.

Method: We experienced a case of 34-year-old male with baker's rhinitis without asthma, and investigated responses of IgE and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) to flour extracts used in the bakery in practice.

NLRP3 inflammasome expression in lipopolysaccharide-induced otitis media.

Background: The nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is a critical molecule mediating interleukin-1β (IL-1β) responses. However, the role of the NLRP3 inflammasome in otitis media has not been fully examined.

Aims/objectives: The purpose of this study is to assess the expression of NLRP3, ASC (apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain and a pyrin domain), and caspase-1 in lipopolysaccharide-induced otitis media.

Lund-Mackay Computed Tomography Score Is Associated With Obstructive Pulmonary Function Changes in Chronic Cough Patients.

Background: A remarkable relationship between upper airway conditions and lung diseases has been reported. At the same time, sinonasal findings in chronic cough patients have not been fully examined.

Objective: The purpose of this study is to show paranasal sinus findings and lung function in chronic cough patients without asthma and chest X-ray abnormalities.

Determining an Appropriate Time to Start Prophylactic Treatment with Intranasal Corticosteroids in Japanese Cedar Pollinosis.

Prophylactic treatment with intranasal corticosteroids is effective for pollen-induced seasonal allergic rhinitis. However, the appropriate time to start this treatment remains unclear. We performed a double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled trial.

Significance of IgG4-positive cells in severe eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis.

Background: IgG4 production is regulated by type 2 (IL-4 and IL-13) and regulatory (IL-10) cytokines involved in the pathophysiology of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). We sought to determine the pathophysiological characteristics of IgG4-positive cells in sinonasal tissues in CRS, especially eosinophilic CRS (ECRS).

Methods: IgG4-positive cells in uncinate tissues (UT) and nasal polyps (NP) were examined by immunohistochemistry.

Role of whole saliva in the efficacy of sublingual immunotherapy in seasonal allergic rhinitis.

Background: The development of methods to predict the clinical effectiveness of sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) for allergic diseases is a crucial matter. We sought to determine whether whole saliva, which is the first body component that contacts allergen extracts during SLIT, is associated with the clinical effectiveness of SLIT in Japanese cedar pollinosis.

Methods: Blood monocytes or monocytic THP-1 cells were cultured in the presence or absence of either whole saliva or pure saliva with or without treatments including filtration and blockade of TLR2 and/or TLR4 signaling.