Rosmarinic acid ameliorates HCl-induced cystitis in rats.

Shiso (Perilla frutescens var crispa f. purprea) is a traditional medicinal herb that exerts anti-inflammatory effects and alleviates lower urinary tract symptoms. In this study, we examined the effects of rosmarinic acid, a major polyphenol in shiso, on urinary function and the bladder in a rat hydrochloric acid-induced cystitis model.

mRNAs in skin surface lipids unveiled atopic dermatitis at 1 month.

Background: The molecular pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (AD), presenting skin barrier dysfunction and abnormal inflammations around 1-2 months, is unreported.

Objective: We aimed to examine the molecular pathogenesis of very early-onset AD by skin surface lipid-RNA (SSL-RNA) using a non-invasive technology in infants aged 1 and 2 months from a prospective cohort.

Methods: We collected sebum by oil-blotting film of infants aged 1 and 2 months and analysed RNAs in their sebum.

Oleic acid-induced interleukin-36γ: A possible link between facial skin redness and sebum.

Background: Redness of the facial skin is an important cosmetic concern. Although qualitative and quantitative modifications of sebum on the skin surface are major pathogenic factors of chronic inflammatory skin conditions, the relationship between skin redness, sebum, and mild inflammation on the cheeks of healthy subjects remains elusive.

Aims: We aimed to explore the correlation between cheek redness and sebum and inflammatory cytokines in the stratum corneum (SC) of healthy subjects.

Carbon dioxide inhibits UVB-induced inflammatory response by activating the proton-sensing receptor, GPR65, in human keratinocytes.

Carbon dioxide (CO) is the predominant gas molecule emitted during aerobic respiration. Although CO can improve blood circulation in the skin via its vasodilatory effects, its effects on skin inflammation remain unclear. The present study aimed to examine the anti-inflammatory effects of CO in human keratinocytes and skin.

The ceramide [NP]/[NS] ratio in the stratum corneum is a potential marker for skin properties and epidermal differentiation.

Background: Specific species of ceramides (Cer), major constituents of lipids in the stratum corneum (SC), are decreased and are correlated with SC barrier and water-holding functions in the skin of patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) or psoriasis (Pso). However, possible correlations between Cer subclass ratios and skin properties in barrier-disrupted skin and in healthy skin remain unclear. The objective of this study was to identify a new marker to evaluate skin properties and epidermal differentiation in SC not only in barrier-disrupted skin but also in healthy skin.

Carbon dioxide ameliorates reduced desquamation in dry scaly skin via protease activation.

Objective: Scaling, a phenomenon showing an abnormal detachment of the stratum corneum (SC) owing to desquamation dysfunction, is commonly observed in various skin diseases or xerotic skin due to ageing and low humidity. Therefore, it is considered that ameliorating the disturbed desquamatory process of the SC leads to improvement in scaling. Carbon dioxide (CO ) is known to be good for some skin diseases; however, the effect of CO on scaling and its mechanism are not sufficiently clear.

Obesity-associated insulin resistance adversely affects skin function.

The aim of this study was to identify changes in skin function associated with obesity and the mechanisms underlying these changes. Functional changes and gene expression in skin were investigated in C57BL/6J mice fed either a control or high-fat diet (HFD). The insulin responsiveness of the skin and skeletal muscle was also evaluated.

Synergistic activation of thermogenic adipocytes by a combination of PPARγ activation, SMAD3 inhibition and adrenergic receptor activation ameliorates metabolic abnormalities in rodents.

Aims/hypothesis: To treat obesity and related diseases, considerable effort has gone into developing strategies to convert white adipocytes into thermogenic brown-like adipocytes ('browning'). The purpose of this study was to identify the most efficient signal control for browning.

Methods: To identify the most efficient signal control for browning, we examined rat stromal vascular fraction cells.

Facial application of high-concentration carbon dioxide prevents epidermal impairment associated with environmental changes.

Purpose: The transdermal application of carbon dioxide (CO) gas dissolved in a solution and bathing in carbonated springs have been known to improve circulatory disorders. We aimed to elucidate and profile the effects of CO application on local skin function.

Patients And Methods: A liquid formulation that included high-concentration CO or a control formulation was applied to the face of healthy men for 8 weeks.

Ingestion of coffee polyphenols suppresses deterioration of skin barrier function after barrier disruption, concomitant with the modulation of autonomic nervous system activity in healthy subjects.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of consumption of coffee polyphenols (CPPs) on the autonomic nervous system activity and decreased skin barrier function caused by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) treatment. In this single-blind, placebo-controlled study, ten healthy male subjects consumed either a beverage containing CPPs or a placebo beverage for four weeks. CPPs significantly suppressed the deterioration in skin barrier function and skin moisture content induced by SDS treatment after the third week.

Dietary intake of glucono-δ-lactone attenuates skin inflammation and contributes to maintaining skin condition.

Skin properties are influenced by both external (e.g., ultraviolet [UV], chemicals, and bacteria) and internal factors (e.

Perilla extract improves frequent urination in spontaneously hypertensive rats with enhancement of the urothelial presence and anti-inflammatory effects.

Objective: To investigate the effects of perilla extract on urinary symptoms in spontaneously hypertensive rats as a model of spontaneous overactive bladder.

Methods: Spontaneously hypertensive rats were randomly divided into two groups and fed either a control diet or a perilla extract-containing diet. Cystometry, gene expression and histological analyses were carried out to evaluate the effects of perilla extract after 2-week feeding of either the control or the perilla extract diet.

Correction to: Characterization of skin function associated with obesity and specific correlation to local/systemic parameters in American women.

Following publication of the original article [1], the authors identified an error. In the description in Fig. 1b the "solid line" "dashed line" should be exchanged.

Characterization of skin function associated with obesity and specific correlation to local/systemic parameters in American women.

Background: Obesity is considered problematic not only as a major cause of diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia, but also as a risk of intractable dermatosis; however influence of obesity on skin function has not been clarified. To clarify the mechanism of obesity-associated skin disorders, we aimed to characterize the skin function of subjects with obesity, and identify possible influencing factors.

Methods: Complex analyses including instrumental measurement, biochemical and lipidomics were performed for facial skin and physical evaluation in 93 Caucasian women with obesity (OB) and non-obesity (NOB).

Biallelic Mutations in KDSR Disrupt Ceramide Synthesis and Result in a Spectrum of Keratinization Disorders Associated with Thrombocytopenia.

Mutations in ceramide biosynthesis pathways have been implicated in a few Mendelian disorders of keratinization, although ceramides are known to have key roles in several biological processes in skin and other tissues. Using whole-exome sequencing in four probands with undiagnosed skin hyperkeratosis/ichthyosis, we identified compound heterozygosity for mutations in KDSR, encoding an enzyme in the de novo synthesis pathway of ceramides. Two individuals had hyperkeratosis confined to palms, soles, and anogenital skin, whereas the other two had more severe, generalized harlequin ichthyosis-like skin.

Coffee polyphenols extracted from green coffee beans improve skin properties and microcirculatory function.

Coffee polyphenols (CPPs), including chlorogenic acid, exert various physiological activities. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of CPPs on skin properties and microcirculatory function in humans. In this double-blind, placebo-controlled study, 49 female subjects with mildly xerotic skin received either a test beverage containing CPPs (270 mg/100 mL/day) or a placebo beverage for 8 weeks.

Hydrolyzed Methylhesperidin Induces Antioxidant Enzyme Expression via the Nrf2-ARE Pathway in Normal Human Epidermal Keratinocytes.

Methylhesperidin (MHES) is a mixture of methylated derivatives of the citrus flavonoid hesperidin and is used as a food or pharmaceutical additive. Dietary MHES could be hydrolyzed by gut microflora to give aglycons. Therefore, we prepared hydrolyzed methylhesperidin (h-MHES) and assessed its pharmacological activity in human epidermal keratinocytes.

Deletion of nuclear factor-κB p50 upregulates fatty acid utilization and contributes to an anti-obesity and high-endurance phenotype in mice.

The transcription factor nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) plays an important role in regulating physiological processes such as immunity and inflammation. In addition to this primary role, NF-κB interacts physically with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors regulating lipid metabolism-related gene expression and inhibits their transcriptional activity. Therefore, inhibition of NF-κB may promote fatty acid utilization, which could ameliorate obesity and improve endurance capacity.

Dietary milk fat globule membrane improves endurance capacity in mice.

Milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) comprises carbohydrates, membrane-specific proteins, glycoproteins, phospholipids, and sphingolipids. We evaluated the effects of MFGM consumption over a 12-wk period on endurance capacity and energy metabolism in BALB/c mice. Long-term MFGM intake combined with regular exercise improved endurance capacity, as evidenced by swimming time until fatigue, in a dose-dependent manner.

Characteristic expression of extracellular matrix in subcutaneous adipose tissue development and adipogenesis; comparison with visceral adipose tissue.

Adipose tissue is a connective tissue specified for energy metabolism and endocrines, but functional differences between subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) have not been fully elucidated. To reveal the physiological role of SAT, we characterized in vivo tissue development and in vitro adipocyte differentiation. In a DNA microarray analysis of SAT and VAT in Wistar rats, functional annotation clusters of extracellular matrix (ECM)-related genes were found in SAT, and major ECM molecules expressed in adipose tissues were profiled.

Catechins suppress muscle inflammation and hasten performance recovery after exercise.

Introduction: Catechins, abundant in green tea, exhibit many biological actions for potential clinical applications. Our purpose was to explore the potential benefits of catechin ingestion on recovery of physical performance after downhill running.

Methods: Institute of Cancer Research mice were used to examine the effects of prior catechin ingestion (0.