Cascade Aza-Prins/Friedel-Crafts Reaction of Homocinnamyloxycarbamate and Aromatic Aldehydes Yielding Aromatic Ring-Annulated Hydrocyclopenta-1,2-oxazinane.

The cascade aza-Prins/Friedel-Crafts reaction of homocinnamyloxycarbamate with electron-rich aromatic aldehydes has been successfully established. Most of the aromatic aldehydes react with the carbamate stereoselectively to generate -hydroindeno-1,2-oxazinanes. However, the cascade reactions of benzaldehydes bearing two methoxy groups at the -positions exhibit a unique stereochemical profile.

Chemodivergent Reactions of Aromatic Ring-Annulated Hexahydrocyclopentafurans with Various Aldehydes.

Hexahydro-2-cyclopenta[]furan fused to electron-rich aromatic rings reacts with various aromatic aldehydes in different modes to build diverse frameworks. The reaction of a dimethoxybenzene-fused cyclopentafuran generated diquinanes fused with a hydrofuran ring, indenopyrans, or diarylindanes depending upon the type of aromatic aldehydes, whereas an indole-annulated cyclopentafuran generated another type of diquinane fused with hydrofuran ring or benzylidenecyclopentafuran. The chemodivergence is due to the different properties between indole- and dimethoxybenzene-fused hydrocyclopentafurans.

Monitoring the Dissolution Behavior of Novel Pharmaceutical Cocrystals Consisting of Antimalarial Drug Artemisinin with Probe-Type Low-Frequency Raman Spectrometer.

Artemisinin (ART) is a most promising antimalarial agent. However, its low aqueous solubility limits its oral absorption, resulting in low bioavailability. In this study, we have successfully discovered a novel cocrystal with 2-methyl resorcinol (ART-2MRE) providing improved solubility compared with a previously reported cocrystal with resorcinol (ART-RES).

Toward the stereochemical assignment of euvesperins A and B: total synthesis of the possible structures of the natural products.

The possible structures of euvesperins A and B were synthesized. The results of our synthesis suggest that euvesperin A may be a mixture of the (2,3,4,7) and (2,3,4,7) isomers and euvesperin B may be a mixture of the (2,3,4,7) and (2,3,4,7) isomers in consideration of their putative biosynthetic pathways.

[Relationship between the subjective age, higher-life function, and new certification as needing long-term care in community-dwelling older adults: The KAGUYA project longitudinal survey of older adults].

Aim: To determine the relationship between the subjective age, higher-life function, and new certification for the need for long-term care among older adults in the community.

Methods: A mail survey was conducted in 2016 among community-dwelling older adults, and the 2,323 participants who were available for follow-up in 2019 were included in the analysis. Subjective age was evaluated using the following three items in response to the question "Please answer how old you feel you are": "Same as actual age," "Feel younger," and "Feel older.

Effects of social activity participation and trust in the community on the transition of frailty classification in late-stage older adults: a 4-year prospective cohort study.

Objectives: In Japan, frailty is a major risk factor for requiring long-term care, especially among older adults aged 75 years or older (ie, late-stage older adults). Both physical and social factors (eg, social activities, social support and community trust) are protective factors against frailty. However, few longitudinal studies have examined reversible change or stage improvement in frailty.

The effect of a buddy-style intervention on physical activity in community-dwelling older adults with disabilities: A 24-week follow-up of a randomized controlled trial.

Objective: To assess the sustained effects of a buddy-style intervention aiming to improve physical activity.

Design: A parallel-group, open-label, randomized controlled trial.

Setting: Three adult day-care centers.

Association between neighborhood walkability and social participation in community-dwelling older adults in Japan: A cross-sectional analysis of the keeping active across generations uniting the youth and the aged study.

Aim: This study investigated neighborhood walkability using Walk Score® and social participation in districts within a city among older Japanese adults.

Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study using baseline data of older adults from the Keeping Active across Generations Uniting the Youth and the Aged study. In total, 2750 participants (1361 men and 1389 women, mean age 72.

Synthesis of Succinonitrile Derivatives by Homocoupling from Cyanohydrin Derivatives with a Low-Valent Titanium Reagent.

A method is described for synthesizing succinonitrile derivatives bearing alkyl or aryl substituents from cyanohydrin derivatives using low-valent titanium. The active species in this reaction is proposed to be a resonance hybrid of the Ti nitrile enolate and Ti alkyl radical.

Effect of buddy-style intervention on exercise adherence in community-dwelling disabled older adults: A pilot randomized controlled trial.

Objective: To assess the preliminary effects of a buddy-style intervention to improve exercise adherence.

Design: A parallel-group, open-label, pilot randomized controlled trial.

Setting: Adult day-care centers.

Four Novel Pharmaceutical Cocrystals of Oxyresveratrol, Including a 2 : 3 Cocrystal with Betaine.

Cocrystal engineering can alter the physicochemical properties of a drug and generate a superior drug candidate for formulation design. Oxyresveratrol (ORV) exhibits a poor solubility in aqueous environments, thereby resulting in a poor bioavailability. Extensive cocrystal screening of ORV with 67 cocrystal formers (coformers) bearing various functional groups was therefore conducted using grinding, liquid-assisted grinding, solvent evaporation, and slurry methods.

Regional Differences in Disability Incidence among Japanese Adults Aged 75 Years and Older: A 4-Year Prospective Cohort Study.

The present prospective study investigated the regional differences and trajectories of new-onset disabilities among older adults in the districts within a city in Japan. We analyzed data from 5050 Japanese residents aged ≥75 years old (men/women: 2512/2538) who completed the Kihon Checklist (a self-reported questionnaire on frailty) and a questionnaire on medical history and social capital in Ikoma city in 2015. The incidence of disability was determined using the new certification of long-term care insurance and was followed-up on 4 years after the primary outcome.

Social factors associated with reversing frailty progression in community-dwelling late-stage elderly people: An observational study.

Frailty is considered to be a complex concept based mainly on physical vulnerability, but also vulnerabilities in mental/psychological and social aspects. Frailty can be reversible with appropriate intervention; however, factors that are important in recovering from frailty have not been clarified. The aim of the present study was to identify factors that help an individual reverse frailty progression and characteristics of individuals that have recovered from frailty.

Solid-State Analysis of Alpha-Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complexes Using Low-Frequency Raman Spectroscopy.

A rapid and nondestructive analytical technique is critical for the analysis of cyclodextrin inclusion complexes in solid dosage forms. This study proposed a newly developed low-frequency Raman spectroscopy as a candidate technique for the analysis of cyclodextrin inclusion complexes. In this study, we selected a typical series of five crystalline cyclodextrin inclusion complexes and reported the usefulness of Raman spectroscopy for analyzing these inclusion complexes.

Eating Alone at Each Meal and Associated Health Status among Community-Dwelling Japanese Elderly Living with Others: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of the KAGUYA Study.

This cross-sectional study investigated the association between eating alone at each meal and health status, including functional capacity among community-dwelling Japanese elderly living with others. A self-administered questionnaire was mailed to all 8004 residents aged 65 or older, residing in the same Japanese town in March 2016. Eating alone was assessed by first asking whether participants ate three separate meals each day (i.

Benzofuran and coumarin derivatives from the root of Angelica dahurica and their PPAR-γ ligand-binding activity.

A phytochemical investigation of the root of Angelica dahurica led to the isolation of benzofuran and coumarin derivatives. This is the first report of the isolation and identification of three furanocoumarin sulfates from A. dahurica root.

Effects of UV Irradiation on Penicillium Strains Isolated from a Bread Plant and the Application to Bakery Products.

We tested treatement with UV irradiation for controlling the growth of bread mold. First, we analyzed the sterilizing effect of a dose of approximately 25 mJ/cm radiation on nine Penicillium and two Talaromyces strains that were isolated from a bread-manufacturing plant. The P.

Unusual manifestations of giant cell arteritis and granulomatosis with polyangiitis.

Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is a type of large vessel vasculitis, and it involves the aorta, large vessels and terminal branches of the external carotid artery, especially the temporal artery. Temporal artery biopsy is a simple tool for the diagnosis of vasculitis, however, the histopathological findings do not always differentiate between the small-vessel vasculitis and GCA. We report the case of 72-year-old male who initially had a clinical diagnosis of GCA, then in the course of treatment, diagnostic histopathological approach revealed the necrotizing vasculitis with bronchocentric granulomatosis in the inflammatory nodule of the lung.

Total Synthesis of (±)-Marsupellins A and B via Acetoxymarsupellone Using an Intramolecular Reductive Cyclization of Epoxycyanohydrin Derivative with CpTiI.

The first total synthesis of C3- and C9-oxidized -longipinane-type sesquiterpenoids containing acetoxymarsupellone, marsupellins A and B, has been accomplished. This unique core common to C3- and C9-oxidized -longipinane-type sesquiterpenoids was constructed via a new intramolecular reductive cyclization reaction of an epoxycyanohydrin derivative using CpTiI.

New Insight on Fumigation Action of Essential Oil, Commercial Fungicide and Low Oxygen Microenvironment on Museum Mold, Alternaria alternata.

Fumigation has been the most convenient method in the field of pest control in museums. In this study, as fumigants, ethanol 70%, deltamethrin (commercial pesticide (CP) ) , essential oil (EO) from Pinus regida, and low oxygen microenvironment (0.1%, (LOM) ) were tested individually and jointly against museum fungal strain Alternaria alternata.