Effect of single-photon emission computed tomography acquisition method and sampling angles on image quality and quantitative accuracy in xSPECT-reconstructed images.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) acquisition method and sampling angles on the qualitative and quantitative interpretations of xSPECT-reconstructed images.

Methods: The spatial resolution was evaluated using a JSP phantom, and the uniformity and quantitative accuracy were verified with a NEMA IEC Body Phantom using an SIEMENS Symbia Intevo SPECT/computed tomography system. SPECT was performed using three acquisition methods (step-and-shoot, continuous, and acquire during the step), and the sampling angles were set to 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6°.

Case report: Consecutive hyperbaric oxygen therapy for delayed post-hypoxic leukoencephalopathy resulting from CHANTER syndrome caused by opioid intoxication.

Delayed post-hypoxic leukoencephalopathy (DPHL) is a poorly recognized syndrome characterized by neuropsychiatric symptoms following recovery from an acute hypoxic episode. Although most cases are related to carbon monoxide poisoning, some have been linked to excessive opioid use. Opioid intoxication has recently become known for manifesting the characteristic imaging findings involving cerebellar, hippocampal, and basal nuclei transient edema with restricted diffusion (CHANTER) syndrome.

Ictal Direct Current Shifts Preceded Much Earlier Than High Frequency Oscillations After Status: Is It the Effect of Status or Antiseizure Medication?

Purpose: While spikes and sharp waves are considered as markers of epilepsy in conventional electroencephalography, ictal direct current (DC) shifts and high-frequency oscillations (HFOs) appear to be useful biomarkers for epileptogenicity. We analyzed how ictal DC shifts and HFOs were affected by focal status epilepticus and antiseizure medications (ASMs).

Methods: A 20-year-old female patient who underwent long-term intracranial electrode implantation for epilepsy surgery presented with 72 habitual seizures and a focal status epilepticus episode lasting for 4 h.

Risk factors and treatment strategies for cholecystitis after metallic stent placement for malignant biliary obstruction: a multicenter retrospective study.

Background And Aims: Cholecystitis can occur after self-expandable metallic stent (SEMS) placement for malignant biliary obstruction (MBO), but the best treatment option for cholecystitis has not been determined. Here, we aimed to identify the risk factors of cholecystitis after SEMS placement and determine the best treatment option.

Methods: Incidence, treatments, and predictive factors of cholecystitis were retrospectively evaluated in 1084 patients with distal MBO (DMBO) and 353 patients with hilar MBO (HMBO) who underwent SEMS placement at 12 institutions from January 2012 to March 2021.

Improvement of Protein Expression Profile in Three-Dimensional Renal Proximal Tubular Epithelial Cell Spheroids Selected Based on OAT1 Gene Expression: A Potential In Vitro Tool for Evaluating Human Renal Proximal Tubular Toxicity and Drug Disposition.

The proximal tubule plays an important role in the kidney and is a major site of drug interaction and toxicity. Analysis of kidney toxicity via in vitro assays is challenging, because only a few assays that reflect functions of drug transporters in renal proximal tubular epithelial cells (RPTECs) are available. In this study, we aimed to develop a simple and reproducible method for culturing RPTECs by monitoring organic anion transporter 1 (OAT1) as a selection marker.

Regorafenib is suitable for advanced colorectal cancer patients who have previously received trifluridine/tipiracil plus bevacizumab.

Regorafenib is a standard salvage line therapy used for advanced colorectal cancer (CRC). Recently, trifluridine/tipiracil (TFTD) plus bevacizumab also showed promising efficacy as a salvage line therapy for advanced CRC. However, the efficacy and safety of regorafenib for patients with advanced CRC who have previously received TFTD plus bevacizumab is unclear.

Impact of Direction of Transport on the Evaluation of Substrate Recognition of Mouse Multidrug and Toxin Extrusion Protein 1.

Multidrug and toxin extrusion protein (MATE/SLC47A) secretes metabolites and xenobiotics into the urine in the proximal tubules of the kidney. Uptake assays have been commonly used for evaluating MATE-mediated transport of new chemical entities in drug development. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between in vitro uptake activities by MATEs and the impact of MATE-mediated transport in in vivo renal secretion.

Real-World Data of Trifluridine/Tipiracil for Patients With Advanced Gastric Cancer: A Multi-Institutional Retrospective Study.

Background: A trial with trifluridine/tipiracil (FTD/TPI) versus placebo in patients with heavily pretreated metastatic gastric cancer showed that FTD/TPI is effective with manageable toxicity in these patients. However, real-world data on the effects of FTD/TPI in patients with advanced gastric cancer (AGC) are limited.

Methods: We retrospectively collected and analyzed the clinicopathological data of patients with AGC who received FTD/TPI monotherapy at our institutions (Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Osaka Red Cross Hospital, Himeji Red Cross Hospital, and Kansai Medical University Hospital) between September 2019 and July 2021.

Characteristics of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with hepatitis C virus who received direct-acting antiviral therapy and achieved sustained virological response: The impact of a hepatologist on surveillance.

Background And Aim: The relationship between the characteristics of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) diagnosed after sustained virological response (SVR) with direct-acting antiviral (DAA) therapy and surveillance status has not been sufficiently investigated. This study investigated the clinical risk factors for HCC development and HCC characteristics according to which type of physician performed follow-up after SVR.

Methods: A total of 1070 patients in whom hepatitis C virus (HCV) was eradicated with DAA therapy were evaluated.

Clinical characteristics and course of sporadic non-ampullary duodenal adenomas: A multicenter retrospective study.

Sporadic non-ampullary duodenal adenoma (SNADA) is a rare disease, and therefore, its clinical characteristics have not been comprehensively investigated. Furthermore, owing to the high complication rates and severity of endoscopic resection, treatment strategies vary among facilities. In the present study, we aimed to clarify the clinical characteristics and course of SNADA.

Monolayer platform using human biopsy-derived duodenal organoids for pharmaceutical research.

The human small intestine is the key organ for absorption, metabolism, and excretion of orally administered drugs. To preclinically predict these reactions in drug discovery research, a cell model that can precisely recapitulate the human intestinal monolayer is desired. In this study, we developed a monolayer platform using human biopsy-derived duodenal organoids for application to pharmacokinetic studies.

Impact of Direction of Transport on the Evaluation of Inhibition Potencies of Multidrug and Toxin Extrusion Protein 1 Inhibitors.

Multidrug and toxin extrusion (MATE) transporters are expressed on the luminal membrane of renal proximal tubule cells and extrude their substrates into the luminal side of the tubules. Inhibition of MATE1 can reduce renal secretory clearance of its substrate drugs and lead to drug-drug interactions (DDIs). To address whether IC values of MATE1 inhibitors with regard to their extracellular concentrations are affected by the direction of MATE1-mediated transport, we established an efflux assay of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP) and metformin using the human embryonic kidney 293 model transiently expressing human MATE1.

Calnexin/Calreticulin and Assays Related to N-Glycoprotein Folding In Vitro.

Calnexin (CNX) and calreticulin (CRT) are ER-resident lectin-like molecular chaperones involved in the quality control of secretory or membrane glycoproteins. They can exert molecular chaperone functions via specific binding to the early processing intermediates of GlcManGlcNAc oligosaccharides of N-glycoproteins. CNX and CRT have similar N-terminal luminal domains and share the same jelly roll tertiary structure as legume lectins.

FOLFIRINOX for Advanced Pancreatic Cancer Patients After Nab-Paclitaxel Plus Gemcitabine Failure.

Objectives: There is no standard chemotherapy for advanced pancreatic cancer (APC) after gemcitabine plus nab-paclitaxel (GP) failure. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of FOLFIRINOX (5-Fluorouracil, leucovorin, irinotecan, and oxaliplatin) (5-Fluorouracil, leucovorin, irinotecan, and oxaliplatin) (FFX) and modified FFX (mFFX) for APC patients after GP failure.

Methods: We retrospectively evaluated the efficacy and safety of FFX in APC patients who were refractory or intolerant of GP.

Calreticulin protects insulin against reductive stress in vitro and in MIN6 cells.

Oxidative folding of proinsulin in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is critical for the proper sorting and secretion of insulin from pancreatic β-cells. Here, by using non-cell-based insulin aggregation assays and mouse insulinoma-derived MIN6 cells, we searched for a candidate molecular chaperone for (pro)insulin when its oxidative folding is compromised. We found that interaction between insulin and calreticulin (CRT), a lectin that acts as an ER-resident chaperone, was enhanced by reductive stress in MIN6 cells.