Solid-Phase Total Synthesis of Plusbacin A.

The total synthesis of the depsipeptide natural product plusbacin A () utilizing solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) was disclosed. A 3-hydroxy-proline derivative compatible with Fmoc SPPS was prepared by a diastereoselective Joullié-Ugi three-component reaction (JU-3CR)/hydrolysis sequence. After peptide elongation on the solid support, cleavage of the peptide from the resin, followed by macrolactamization and global deprotection, gave plusbacin A ().

Renal venous congestion following hemorrhagic shock due to traumatic liver injury.

A 78-year-old woman who sustained traumatic liver injury with hemorrhagic shock was hospitalized. She was admitted to the ICU after blood transfusion and emergent angiography. AKI was observed on the following day.

Pathogenicity and Distribution of Isolates Associated with Decline in Japan.

spp. trees have been declining since the 2000s worldwide, and fungi belonging to species complex (FSSC) have been suggested to be a causal factor of decline and mortality of trees in Okinawa Island, Japan. In addition to the FSSC isolate grouped as "it-1" based on ITS sequence data (previously called strain A), we conducted an inoculation experiment with two isolates grouped as "it-2" (previously strain B), which is genetically close to it-1.

MicroRNA expression profiles of neuron-derived extracellular vesicles in plasma from patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) in peripheral blood have been extensively investigated as biomarkers for early diagnosis and monitoring of disease progression. However, their cellular origin as well as their link to the pathophysiology, especially neurodegenerative disease, remains largely unknown. In the present study, we isolated neuron-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) in plasma by immunoaffinity purification and comprehensively analyzed their miRNA expression profiles using microarray.

[A Case of GIST with Extensive Peritoneal Dissemination Controlled over Long-Term by Low-Dose, Intermittent Administration of Imatinib after Weight Loss Surgery].

A 67-year-old man presented with abdominal pain and fever. Many abdominal tumors were detected by enhanced computed tomography(CT). The largest tumor, measuring 20 cm, had perforated the ileum and formed an abscess.

[A Case of Resection for Metastatic Osseous Tumor from Rectal Cancer].

A 67-year-old male was referred to our hospital for further investigation of fecal occult blood. We diagnosed him with rectal cancer with osseous metastasis. Chemo-and radiation therapy were administered following resection of the rectal cancer.

Ectopic gastrointestinal variceal bleeding with portal hypertension.

Massive gastrointestinal bleeding from gastrointestinal varices is one of the most serious complications in patients with portal hypertension. However, if no bleeding point can be detected by endoscopy in the predilection sites of gastrointestinal varices, such as the esophagus and stomach, ectopic gastrointestinal variceal bleeding should be considered as a differential diagnosis. Herein, we report a case of ectopic ileal variceal bleeding in a 57-year-old woman, which was successfully diagnosed by multi-detector row CT (MDCT) and angiography and treated by segmental ileum resection.

Valley polarization assisted spin polarization in two dimensions.

Valleytronics is rapidly emerging as an exciting area of basic and applied research. In two-dimensional systems, valley polarization can dramatically modify physical properties through electron-electron interactions as demonstrated by such phenomena as the fractional quantum Hall effect and the metal-insulator transition. Here, we address the electrons' spin alignment in a magnetic field in silicon-on-insulator quantum wells under valley polarization.

Metallic behaviour in SOI quantum wells with strong intervalley scattering.

The fundamental properties of valleys are recently attracting growing attention due to electrons in new and topical materials possessing this degree-of-freedom and recent proposals for valleytronics devices. In silicon MOSFETs, the interest has a longer history since the valley degree of freedom had been identified as a key parameter in the observation of the controversial "metallic behaviour" in two dimensions. However, while it has been recently demonstrated that lifting valley degeneracy can destroy the metallic behaviour, little is known about the role of intervalley scattering.

Enhanced droplet control by transition boiling.

A droplet of water on a heated surface can levitate over a film of gas produced by its own evaporation in the Leidenfrost effect. When the surface is prepared with ratchet-like saw-teeth topography, these droplets can self-propel and can even climb uphill. However, the extent to which the droplets can be controlled is limited by the physics of the Leidenfrost effect.

[A case of unresectable advanced gastric cancer treated with S-1/low-dose CDDP combination chemotherapy through jejunostomy].

A 70-year-old woman with unresectable advanced gastric cancer accompanied by peritoneal dissemination underwent jejunostomy, and was treated with S-1 and low-dose CDDP. One course consisted of S-1 (80 mg/day) via an intestinal fistula tube from days 1 to 14. This was followed by 7 days rest, and CDDP (20 mg/day) was administered by 1-hour continuous intravenous infusion on day 1 and 8.

Impact of valley polarization on the resistivity in two dimensions.

We examine the temperature dependence of resistivity in a two-dimensional electron system formed in a silicon-on-insulator quantum well. The device allows us to tune the valley splitting continuously in addition to the electron density. Our data provide a global picture of how the resistivity and its temperature dependence change with valley polarization.

[Long-term survival of patient with gastric cancer treated by S-1 + paclitaxel combination chemotherapy against multiple liver metastases after gastrectomy and adrenalectomy].

The patient was a 74-year-old man whose chief complaint was epigastralgia. A detailed examination revealed a gastric cancer located from antrum to duodenal bulb with multiple liver metastases. Because of a difficulty with oral intake, we performed a distal gastrectomy at first.

[Two cases of advanced rectal cancer resected successfully after neoadjuvant chemotherapy with FOLFOX regimen].

We describe here two cases of locally advanced rectal cancer treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy prior to surgery. The first patient was a 54-year-old man whose chief complaint was bloody stool. A detailed examination revealed a rectal cancer with direct invasion of the primary rectal carcinoma into the prostate.

MKC-231, a choline uptake enhancer: (3) Mode of action of MKC-231 in the enhancement of high-affinity choline uptake.

MKC-231, a putative cholinergic activity, is reported to improve learning and memory impaired in AF64A-treated animals. MKC-231 enhances high-affinity choline uptake (HACU) known as the rate-limiting step of acetylcholine (ACh) synthesis. We investigated the mode of action (MOA) of HACU enhancement by MKC-231.

MKC-231, a choline-uptake enhancer: (1) long-lasting cognitive improvement after repeated administration in AF64A-treated rats.

MKC-231 is reported to increase high-affinity choline uptake (HACU) in vitro and improve learning impairment on a single oral administration in AF64A-treated rats. In this study, we investigated the effects of repeated administration of MKC-231 (1 and 3 mg/kg, p.o.

MKC-231, a choline uptake enhancer: (2) Effect on synthesis and release of acetylcholine in AF64A-treated rats.

The effect of MKC-231 on acetylcholine (ACh) synthesis and release was studied in the hippocampus of normal and AF64A-treated rats. AF64A (3 nmol/brain, i.c.

Anomalous resistance ridges along filling factor nu=4i.

We report anomalous structure in the magnetoresistance of SiO(2)/Si(100)/SiO(2) quantum wells. When Landau levels of opposite valleys are driven through coincidence at the Fermi level, the longitudinal resistance displays elevations at filling factors that are integer multiples of 4 (nu=4i) accompanied by suppression on either side of nu=4i. This persists when either the magnetic field or the valley splitting is swept, leading to resistance ridges running along nu=4i.

Spatial imaging of two-dimensional electronic states in semiconductor quantum wells.

We measure the spatial distribution of the local density of states (LDOS) at cleaved surfaces of InAs/GaSb isolated quantum wells and double quantum wells (DQWs) by low-temperature scanning tunneling spectroscopy. Distinct standing wave patterns of LDOS corresponding to subbands are observed. These LDOS patterns and subband energies agree remarkably well with simple calculations with tip-induced band bending.

Valley polarization in Si(100) at zero magnetic field.

The valley splitting, which lifts the degeneracy of the lowest two valley states in a SiO(2)/Si(100)/SiO(2) quantum well, is examined through transport measurements. We demonstrate that the valley splitting can be observed directly as a step in the conductance defining a boundary between valley-unpolarized and -polarized regions. This persists to well above liquid helium temperature and shows no dependence on magnetic field, indicating that single-particle valley splitting and valley polarization exist in (100) silicon even at zero magnetic field.

Serum uric acid as an obesity-related indicator in early adolescence.

In adults, serum uric acid levels are positively correlated with body mass index (BMI) and hyperuricemia is considered to be a common lifestyle disorder related with obesity. However, the relation of serum uric acid levels with obesity has not been elucidated in children and adolescents. Serum uric acid levels were determined in 1,729 healthy children, consisted of 923 boys and 806 girls, aged 9.

Controlled multiple quantum coherences of nuclear spins in a nanometre-scale device.

The analytical technique of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is based on coherent quantum mechanical superposition of nuclear spin states. Recently, NMR has received considerable renewed interest in the context of quantum computation and information processing, which require controlled coherent qubit operations. However, standard NMR is not suitable for the implementation of realistic scalable devices, which would require all-electrical control and the means to detect microscopic quantities of coherent nuclear spins.

Recurrent URAT1 gene mutations and prevalence of renal hypouricemia in Japanese.

Recent identification of the urate transporter in the kidney (URAT1, encoded by SLC22A12) led to the molecular elucidation of idiopathic renal hypouricemia, which is a predisposition toward exercise-induce acute renal failure. One Japanese patient with renal hypouricemia demonstrated compound heterozygous mutations of the URAT1 gene (Q297X and IVS2+1G>A). It was suggested that these two mutations are recurrent mutations of the URAT1 gene in a Japanese population.

[Intraperitoneal chemotherapy against peritoneal carcinomatosis of gastric cancer with activated carbon particles adsorbing mitomycin C for four patients].

Activated carbon particles adsorbing mitomycin C (MMC-CH) was administered to four patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis of gastric cancer into their abdominal cavities. Tumor markers of CEA, CA19-9, CA125, CA72-4 and STN were measured before and after the administration. The waist of each patient was also measured.