Comparison of the chest computed tomography findings between patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and those with Mycobacterium avium complex lung disease.

Background: Since the computed tomography (CT) findings of nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease are similar to those of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB), we often have difficulty differentiating the two. In this study, we compared the differences in chest CT findings and their locations between cases of PTB and Mycobacterium avium complex lung disease (MACLD).

Methods: The subjects were 100 MACLD patients and 42 PTB patients treated at our hospital from May 2005 to August 2015.

Translational and Randomized Study of 5-HT3 Receptor Antagonists for Evaluation of Chemotherapy-induced Nausea and Vomiting Related Biomarkers.

Purpose We assessed the efficacy of palonosetron (PAL) in comparison to granisetron (GRA) for the treatment of CINV using the self-assessment questionnaires. In addition, we analyzed the serum levels of emetic various biomarkers. Methods We conducted a randomized study of 70 patients naïve to chemotherapy.

Nephrotoxicity induced by piperacillin–tazobactam in late elderly Japanese patients with nursing and healthcare associated pneumonia.

This study aimed to clarify the efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetics of piperacillin–tazobactam (PIPC– TAZ) in late elderly Japanese patients. This is the first antimicrobial pilot study in late elderly patients with nursing and healthcare associated pneumonia. After PIPC–TAZ administration, PIPC concentrations in plasma were measured chromatographically and the pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated.

Comparative analysis of tumor angiogenesis and clinical features of 55 cases of pleomorphic carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of the lung.

Background/aim: Pleomorphic carcinoma (PC) of the lung is a rare tumor that usually has an aggressive clinical course and a poor prognosis. Clinical and pathological features remain unclear. The aim of this study was to determine whether tumor angiogenesis of PC is up-regulated compared to that in adenocarcinoma (AD).

Association of EPAS1 gene rs4953354 polymorphism with susceptibility to lung adenocarcinoma in female Japanese non-smokers.

Introduction: Hypoxia-inducible factor-2α (also called endothelial periodic acid-Schiff domain protein 1 [EPAS1]) seems to play an important role in some carcinogenesis, though there is no information on the relationship between single nucleotide polymorphism of EPAS1 and lung cancer development. The aim of this study was to explore a possible association of the EPAS1 gene rs4953354 polymorphism with susceptibility to lung cancer.

Methods: A case-control study of 346 patients with non-small-cell lung carcinoma (adenocarcinoma = 249, squamous cell carcinoma = 97) and 247 healthy control subjects was carried out.

Comparison of clinical management of young and elderly asthmatics by respiratory specialists and general practitioners.

Background: Asthmatic death in the elderly is a serious problem worldwide. Differences in clinical skill between respiratory specialists (RS) and general practitioners (GP) are important in asthma control. The aim of this study was to compare asthma management between RS and GP.

Cyclooxygenase 2 1195G > A polymorphism is associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Japanese and Chinese patients.

Background: Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is overexpressed during airway inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the COX-2 promoter might contribute to differential COX-2 expression and subsequent interindividual variability in susceptibility to COPD. We investigated the association between COX-2 (-765G > C, -1195G > A) polymorphisms and COPD susceptibility in Japanese and Chinese patients.

Efficacy and safety of piperacillin/tazobactam versus biapenem in late elderly patients with nursing- and healthcare-associated pneumonia.

Pneumonia is associated with an extremely high mortality rate in patients of late elderly age. Piperacillin/tazobactam and carbapenems are drugs of first choice for hospitalized patients with potentially resistant bacteria. We compared the efficacy and safety of piperacillin/tazobactam and biapenem.

[A case of atypical drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome caused by isoniazid].

A 43-year-old man developed fever, systemic erythema, and hepatic dysfunction approximately 1 month after initiating treatment with oral allopurinol and anti-TB drugs. The high fever, skin rash, headache, vomiting, and general malaise aggravated even after discontinuation of the anti-TB drugs and allopurinol, and they continued for more than 2 weeks. Hence, the patient was diagnosed with atypical drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome.

Phase I clinical and pharmacokinetic study of bi-weekly carboplatin/paclitaxel chemotherapy in elderly patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer.

Aim: We evaluated the pharmacokinetics and quality of life of elderly patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with bi-weekly carboplatin and paclitaxel chemotherapy, and determined the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of this treatment.

Patients And Methods: Eligible patients had histologically- or cytologically-proven inoperable NSCLC, age of 70 years or older, no prior treatment, and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status 0-2. Paclitaxel was administered in combination with carboplatin under a bi-weekly schedule.

Tumor angiogenesis in 75 cases of pleomorphic carcinoma of the lung.

Background: Pleomorphic carcinoma (PC) of the lung is a rare tumor that usually has an aggressive clinical course and a poor prognosis. In this study, 75 cases of PC were reviewed to identify its clinical features, and we examined the expression of angiogenic factors.

Patients And Methods: We immunohistochemically examined the expression of angiogenic factors in tissue specimens of PC.

A retrospective analysis comparing the safety and efficacy of chemotherapy in elderly and non-elderly non-small-cell lung cancer patients.

Aim: The number of elderly patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is increasing in Japan. We retrospectively analyzed and compared the safety and efficacy of chemotherapy in elderly and non-elderly NSCLC patients who received chemotherapy at Shimane University Hospital.

Methods: We carried out a retrospective analysis of survival in a series of 112 NSCLC patients treated from 2004 through 2009.

Coexistent emphysema delays the decrease of vital capacity in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.

Although previous authors have reported single data point, yearly changes in respiratory function have not been examined in combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema (CPFE). To quantify the annual changes in respiratory function of patients with CPFE and to examine the difference in survival between CPFE patients and patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis without emphysema (IPF alone), 26 patients with CPFE and 33 IPF alone patients, whose respiratory function had been monitored for at least a year, were selected. The baseline of vital capacity percent predicted (VC% pred) in CPFE patients was greater than that in IPF-alone patients (86.

A phase II trial of gefitinib monotherapy in chemotherapy-naïve patients of 75 years or older with advanced non-small cell lung cancer.

Background: Gefitinib has shown modest activity in patients with recurrent non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) after platinum-based chemotherapy. However, the activity of gefitinib as first-line chemotherapy remains unclear, especially unknown in elderly patients. A multicenter phase II trial was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of gefitinib for elderly patients with chemotherapy-naïve NSCLC.

[Case of macrolide-ineffective Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia successfully treated with intravenous ciprofloxacin].

A 18-year-old man complaining of remittent fever and nonproductive cough visited a nearby clinic. He did not recover despite treatment of oral azithromycin. We admitted him because his chest radiograph showed consolidation in the left upper lung field.

[Tsukamurella tyrosinosolvens cultured from sputum of a patient who received total gastrectomy for gastric cancer].

A 79-year old woman underwent total gastrectomy under the diagnosis of gastric cancer in Feb. 2003. In the beginning of Jan.

[An autopsy case of non-specific interstitial pneumonia].

An autopsy case of fibrotic non-specific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP) is herein reported. A 54-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital because of dry cough and fever that had continued for a month. Her chest radiograph showed diffuse reticular shadows in both lower lung fields.

[Epidural, mediastinal and subcutaneous emphysema in a patient with suspected torme fruste of Marfan syndrome].

A 17 year-old youth presented with swelling of both sides of neck after a fight with a friend. He had been sick with an upper respiratory tract infection for a few days with frequent coughing. Chest radiography showed subcutaneous and mediastinal emphysema.

[A case of lung cancer with cyst formation].

A 70-year-old man was admitted with a nodule adjacent to a cystic lesion in the right lower lung field. Diagnosis of lung cancer was made by transbronchial biopsy. A series of chest radiographs revealed that a cystic lesion had presented 8 years before, and that a nodule appeared on the hilar side of the cyst 5 years later.

A novel oral neutrophil elastase inhibitor (ONO-6818) inhibits human neutrophil elastase-induced emphysema in rats.

We investigated the effects of a novel oral neutrophil elastase inhibitor (ONO-6818) on acute lung injury and pulmonary emphysema induced by human neutrophil elastase (HNE). Young male Wistar rats were divided into four treatment groups: (1) control group (saline); (2) HNE group (HNE 200 U + 0.5% carboxymethyl-cellulose [solution for ONO-6818]); (3) low-dose ONO-6818 group (HNE 200 U + ONO-6818 10 mg/kg); and (4) high-dose ONO-6818 group (HNE 200 U + ONO-6818 100 mg/kg).