Feasibility and Safety of the Distal Transradial Access for Noncardiac Intervention.

Purpose: Distal transradial access through the anatomical snuffbox has been highlighted in recent research because it provides extremely low invasiveness. It has demonstrated its feasibility and safety for cardiac intervention. However, its characteristics for noncardiac intervention are not well known.

Comparative Efficacy and Safety of the β3-Adrenoceptor Agonist Vibegron for Urgency and Mixed Urinary Incontinence: A Post Hoc Analysis of a Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Phase 3 Study.

Objective To compare the efficacy of vibegron for urgency urinary incontinence (UUI) and mixed urinary incontinence (MUI) in patients with overactive bladder (OAB). Methods We performed a post hoc analysis of a phase 3 study of vibegron in Japanese patients with OAB. Based on the patterns recorded in the three-day bladder diary, only female patients were categorized into UUI and MUI populations.

Assessing the stability of daptomycin in icodextrin-based peritoneal dialysis solution.

Background: The stability of antimicrobials in peritonitis during peritoneal dialysis (PD) solutions is a critical factor influencing treatment success. This study investigated the stability of daptomycin (DAP) when combined with icodextrin-based PD solution, by measuring DAP concentrations and observing any structural changes.

Methods: A dose of DAP (350 mg) was dissolved in 7 mL of saline in a clean bench.

Two-fractionated stereotactic magnetic resonance-guided adaptive radiation therapy for patients with prostate cancer (SMART PRO trial): protocol for a confirmatory clinical trial.

Introduction: In an MRI-guided linear accelerator (MR-LINAC) system, the planned doses for organs at risk and for tumours are assessed by MR imaging and re-contouring at every treatment. This allows treatment to be safer and more precise by ensuring that it is suitable for the state of the patient's organs on that day, as well as by allowing images to be acquired during radiation therapy to prevent radiation while organs are in motion.Here, we will conduct a confirmatory study of two-fractionated stereotactic magnetic resonance-guided adaptive radiation therapy for patients with localised prostate cancer.

Dynamic chest radiographic evaluation of the effects of tiotropium/olodaterol combination therapy in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: the EMBODY study protocol for an open-label, prospective, single-centre, non-controlled, comparative study.

Introduction: To date, there is limited evidence on the effects of bronchodilators on respiratory dynamics in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Dynamic chest radiography (DCR) is a novel radiographic modality that provides real-time, objective and quantifiable kinetic data, including changes in the lung area (Rs), tracheal diameter, diaphragmatic kinetics and pulmonary ventilation during respiration, at a lower radiation dose than that used by fluoroscopic or CT imaging. However, the therapeutic effect of dual bronchodilators on respiratory kinetics, such as chest wall dynamics and respiratory muscle function, has not yet been prospectively evaluated using DCR.

Computed tomography angiography assessment of Adamkiewicz artery with sublingual nitroglycerin administration.

Purpose: Identification of the Adamkiewicz artery before aortic surgery is important for preventing postoperative complications due to spinal cord ischemia. The Adamkiewicz artery is difficult to identify due to its small diameter. Nitroglycerin has a vasodilatory effect and is used clinically to improve visualization of blood vessels on coronary computed tomography (CT) angiography.

Implications of unconventional histological subtypes on magnetic resonance imaging and oncological outcomes in patients who have undergone radical prostatectomy.

The prognostic significance of unconventional histology (UH) subtypes including intraductal carcinoma of the prostate (IDC-P), ductal adenocarcinoma, and cribriform pattern has been investigated for prostate cancer (PCa). However, little is known about magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features and the oncological impact of tumor localization in localized PCa with UH. Clinical data of 211 patients with acinar adenocarcinoma (conventional histology [CH]) and 82 patients with UH who underwent robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) were reviewed.

Diagnostic Sensitivity and Symptomatic Relevance of Dopamine Transporter Imaging and Myocardial Sympathetic Scintigraphy in Patients with Dementia with Lewy Bodies.

Background: Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) presents with various symptoms, posing challenges for early diagnosis challenging. Dopamine transporter (123I-FP-CIT) single-photon emission tomography (SPECT) and 123I-meta-iodobenzylguanidine (123I-MIBG) imaging are crucial diagnostic biomarkers. Hypothesis about body- and brain-first subtypes of DLB indicate that some DLB may show normal 123I-FP-CIT or 123I-MIBG results; but the characteristic expression of these two subtypes remains unclear.

A pilot study on interobserver variability in organ-at-risk contours in magnetic resonance imaging-guided online adaptive radiotherapy for pancreatic cancer.

Purpose: Differences in the contours created during magnetic resonance imaging-guided online adaptive radiotherapy (MRgOART) affect dose distribution. This study evaluated the interobserver error in delineating the organs at risk (OARs) in patients with pancreatic cancer treated with MRgOART. Moreover, we explored the effectiveness of drugs that could suppress peristalsis in restraining intra-fractional motion by evaluating OAR visualization in multiple patients.

A Novel Evaluation for Vertebral Artery Course Using 3D Magnetic Resonance Imaging with Computed Tomography -like Bone Contrast and Magnetic Resonance Angiography: A Proof of Concept Study.

Objective: Vertebral artery (VA) injury poses a significant risk in cervical spine surgery, necessitating accurate preoperative assessment. This study aims to introduce and validate a novel approach that combines the Fast field echo that resembles a computed tomography using restricted echo spacing (FRACTURE) sequence with Time of Flight (TOF) Magnetic Resonance Angiography (MRA) for comprehensive evaluation of VA courses in the cervical spine.

Materials And Methods: A total of eight healthy volunteers and two patients participated in this study.

Phase I/II study of stereotactic body radiotherapy boost in patients with cervical cancer ineligible for intracavitary brachytherapy.

Purpose: Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) boost is a promising treatment for cervical cancer patients who are ineligible for intracavitary brachytherapy (ICBT). The aim of this multicenter, single-arm, phase I/II study was to prospectively evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of SBRT boost.

Materials And Methods: ICBT-ineligible patients with untreated cervical cancer were enrolled.

Neopentyl glycol-based radiohalogen-labeled amino acid derivatives for cancer radiotheranostics.

Background: L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1) is overexpressed in various cancers; therefore, radiohalogen-labeled amino acid derivatives targeting LAT1 have emerged as promising candidates for cancer radiotheranostics. However, At-labeled amino acid derivatives exhibit instability against deastatination in vivo, making it challenging to use At for radiotherapy. In this study, radiohalogen-labeled amino acid derivatives with high dehalogenation stability were developed.

Neurosarcoidosis with enlargement of the dorsal root ganglia: A case report.

We report the case of a woman in her 40s who presented with sensory disturbances in all 4 limbs and left facial palsy. MRI revealed asymmetric enlargement of the dorsal root ganglia, which was enhanced by gadolinium-a chest CT scan identified enlarged supraclavicular, mediastinal, and hilar lymph nodes. A biopsy of a hilar lymph node showed noncaseating epithelioid granulomas, confirming a sarcoidosis diagnosis.

Verification of image quality improvement of low-count bone scintigraphy using deep learning.

To improve image quality for low-count bone scintigraphy using deep learning and evaluate their clinical applicability. Six hundred patients (training, 500; validation, 50; evaluation, 50) were included in this study. Low-count original images (75%, 50%, 25%, 10%, and 5% counts) were generated from reference images (100% counts) using Poisson resampling.

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on radiotherapy delivery in Japan: An observational study based on the national database.

Background: This study analyzed the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on radiotherapy delivery in Japan using a high-quality Japanese national database based on universal health coverage.

Methods: We performed a retrospective observational study using National Database of Health Insurance Claims and Specific Health Checkups of Japan open data focused on radiotherapy between fiscal year (FY) 2019 and FY2020 and the number of COVID-19 cases from the Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare. We statistically analyzed the relationship between the number of COVID-19 cases and the number of radiotherapy deliveries in Japan as a whole and by prefecture.

Applying artificial intelligence using routine clinical data for preoperative diagnosis and prognosis evaluation of gastric cancer.

The present study employed artificial intelligence (AI) machine learning technology to evaluate the prognosis of gastric cancer using blood collection data, commonly used in clinical practice and subsequently performed a stratification distinct from conventional tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) classification. Experiments were conducted using four machine learning methods, namely, logistic regression (LR), random forest (RF), gradient boosting (GB) and deep neural network (DNN), to classify good or poor post-5-year prognosis based on clinicopathological data and post-5-year relapse occurrence. For each machine learning method, the importance was sorted in descending order (from the most to the least); the top features were used for clustering using the k-medoids method.

Relationship Between Patient-Friendly Audiovisual Systems and MRI Contrast Agent to Adverse Reactions.

Background: Patient-friendly audiovisual (AV) systems in head MRI examinations can potentially reduce patient anxiety and contrast-enhanced MRI (CE-MRI) adverse reactions to gadolinium.

Purpose: To evaluate whether a patient-friendly AV system reduces the rate of adverse reactions to gadolinium-based contrast agents.

Study Type: Retrospective.

Deep learning-based coronary computed tomography analysis to predict functionally significant coronary artery stenosis.

Fractional flow reserve derived from coronary CT (FFR-CT) is a noninvasive physiological technique that has shown a good correlation with invasive FFR. However, the use of FFR-CT is restricted by strict application standards, and the diagnostic accuracy of FFR-CT analysis may potentially be decreased by severely calcified coronary arteries because of blooming and beam hardening artifacts. The aim of this study was to evaluate the utility of deep learning (DL)-based coronary computed tomography (CT) data analysis in predicting invasive fractional flow reserve (FFR), especially in cases with severely calcified coronary arteries.

Evaluation of the MVCT-based radiomic features as prognostic factor in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

Background: Megavoltage computed tomography (MVCT) images acquired during each radiotherapy session may be useful for delta radiomics. However, no studies have examined whether the MVCT-based radiomics has prognostic power. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the prognostic power of the MVCT-based radiomics for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients.