Reduction of Campylobacter jejuni contamination by using UVA-LED and sodium hypochlorite on the surface of chicken meat.

Campylobacter jejuni causes gastroenteritis in humans and is a major concern in food safety. Commercially prepared chicken meats are frequently contaminated with C. jejuni, which is closely associated with the diffusion of intestinal contents in poultry processing plants.

Single-housing-induced islet epigenomic changes are related to polymorphisms in diabetic KK mice.

A lack of social relationships is increasingly recognized as a type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk. To investigate the underlying mechanism, we used male KK mice, an inbred strain with spontaneous diabetes. Given the association between living alone and T2D risk in humans, we divided the non-diabetic mice into singly housed (KK-SH) and group-housed control mice.

Characterization of Outer Membrane Vesicles Produced by Vibrio vulnificus.

Vibrio vulnificus (V. vulnificus) is a halophilic gram-negative bacterium that inhabits coastal warm water and induce severe diseases such as primary septicemia. To investigate the mechanisms of rapid bacterial translocation on intestinal infection, we focused on outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), which are extracellular vesicles produced by Gram-negative bacteria and deliver virulence factors.

Development of a standard evaluation method for microbial UV sensitivity using light-emitting diodes.

Ultraviolet (UV) light is an effective disinfection method. In particular, UV light-emitting diodes (UV-LEDs) are expected to have many applications as light sources owing to their compact form factor and wide range of choices of wavelengths. However, the UV sensitivity of microorganisms for each UV wavelength has not been evaluated comprehensively because standard experimental conditions based on LED characteristics have not been established.

SLC16a6, mTORC1, and Autophagy Regulate Ketone Body Excretion in the Intestinal Cells.

Ketone bodies serve several functions in the intestinal epithelium, such as stem cell maintenance, cell proliferation and differentiation, and cancer growth. Nevertheless, there is limited understanding of the mechanisms governing the regulation of intestinal ketone body concentration. In this study, we elucidated the factors responsible for ketone body production and excretion using shRNA-mediated or pharmacological inhibition of specific genes or functions in the intestinal cells.

Dietary phosphate disturbs of gut microbiome in mice.

Disorder of phosphate metabolism is a common pathological condition in chronic kidney disease patients. Excessive intake of dietary phosphate deteriorates chronic kidney disease and various complications including cardiovascular and infectious diseases. Recent reports have demonstrated that gut microbiome disturbance is associated with both the etiology and progression of chronic kidney disease.

Glucocorticoid receptor-NECAB1 axis can negatively regulate insulin secretion in pancreatic β-cells.

The mechanisms of impaired glucose-induced insulin secretion from the pancreatic β-cells in obesity have not yet been completely elucidated. Here, we aimed to assess the effects of adipocyte-derived factors on the functioning of pancreatic β-cells. We prepared a conditioned medium using 3T3-L1 cell culture supernatant collected at day eight (D8CM) and then exposed the rat pancreatic β-cell line, INS-1D.

Effects of the loss of maternal gut microbiota before pregnancy on gut microbiota, food allergy susceptibility, and epigenetic modification on subsequent generations.

Maternal environments affect the health of offspring in later life. Changes in epigenetic modifications may partially explain this phenomenon. The gut microbiota is a critical environmental factor that influences epigenetic modifications of host immune cells and the development of food allergies.

The Polymethoxyflavone Sudachitin Modulates the Circadian Clock and Improves Liver Physiology.

Scope: Polymethoxylated flavones (PMFs) are a group of natural compounds known to display a wide array of beneficial effects to promote physiological fitness. Recent studies reveal circadian clocks as an important cellular mechanism mediating preventive efficacy of the major PMF Nobiletin against metabolic disorders. Sudachitin is a PMF enriched in Citrus sudachi, and its functions and mechanism of action are poorly understood.

Effect of T1R3 Taste Receptor Gene Deletion on Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colitis in Mice.

Taste receptor type 1 member 3 (T1R3) recognize umami or sweet tastes and also contributes type 2 immunity and autophagy in small intestine and muscle cells, respectively. Since imbalance of type 1 and type 2 immunity and autophagy affect intestinal bowel disease (IBD), we hypothesized that T1R3 have a potential role in the incidence and progression of colitis. In the present study, we investigated whether genetic deletion of T1R3 impacted aggravation of DSS-induced colitis in mice.

Recruitment of LC3 by to Bacterial Invasion Site on Host Cells the Rac1-Mediated Signaling Pathway.

is a leading cause of food-borne disease worldwide. The pathogenicity of is closely associated with the internalization process in host epithelial cells, which is related to a host immune response. Autophagy indicates a key role in the innate immune system of the host to exclude invasive pathogens.

UV-LED irradiation reduces the infectivity of herpes simplex virus type 1 by targeting different viral components depending on the peak wavelength.

Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is an enveloped virus that mainly infects humans. Given its high global prevalence, disinfection is critical for reducing the risk of infection. Ultraviolet-light-emitting diodes (UV-LEDs) are eco-friendly irradiating modules with different peak wavelengths, but the molecules degraded by UV-LED irradiation have not been clarified.

Effect of Vitamin B2-Deficient Diet on Hydroxyproline- or Obesity-Induced Hyperoxaluria in Mice.

Scope: Hyperoxaluria is a major cause of kidney stone disease. Around half of the oxalate in mammals is supplied from the diet and the other half is endogenously synthesized from glyoxylate. Reduction of hepatic glycolate oxidase (GO) activity is one approach to reduce endogenous production of oxalate.

Vibrio parahaemolyticus induces inflammation-associated fluid accumulation via activation of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator.

Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a foodborne bacterium that causes acute gastroenteritis through the consumption of contaminated, raw, or undercooked seafood. Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is a well-characterized chloride channel that regulates several other ion channels and transporters to maintain water homeostasis in the gut lumen. Also, CFTR is a main target of bacterial infection-associated diarrhea.

Functional Roles of B-Vitamins in the Gut and Gut Microbiome.

The gut microbiota produce hundreds of bioactive compounds, including B-vitamins, which play significant physiological roles in hosts by supporting the fitness of symbiotic species and suppressing the growth of competitive species. B-vitamins are also essential to the host and certain gut bacterium. Although dietary B-vitamins are mainly absorbed from the small intestine, excess B-vitamins unable to be absorbed in the small intestine are supplied to the distal gut.

Irradiation by a Combination of Different Peak-Wavelength Ultraviolet-Light Emitting Diodes Enhances the Inactivation of Influenza A Viruses.

Influenza A viruses (IAVs) pose a serious global threat to humans and their livestock. This study aimed to determine the ideal irradiation by ultraviolet-light emitting diodes (UV-LEDs) for IAV disinfection. We irradiated the IAV H1N1 subtype with 4.

Inactivation of Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli by UVA-LED irradiation system.

The prevalence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli is increasing rapidly and spreading worldwide, particularly in Asia, compared to other regions. In the last ten years, in our hospital, in particular, there has been a < 30% increase. To prevent the spread of ESBL in hospitals and the community, the ultraviolet (UV) A-light-emitting diode (LED) irradiation device was used to inactivate ESBL-E.

Type III Secretion Effector VopQ of Vibrio parahaemolyticus Modulates Central Carbon Metabolism in Epithelial Cells.

is a Gram-negative halophilic pathogen that frequently causes acute gastroenteritis and occasional wound infection. contains several virulence factors, including type III secretion systems (T3SSs) and thermostable direct hemolysin (TDH). In particular, T3SS1 is a potent cytotoxic inducer, and T3SS2 is essential for causing acute gastroenteritis.

Glycolate is a Novel Marker of Vitamin B Deficiency Involved in Gut Microbe Metabolism in Mice.

Microbes in the human gut play a role in the production of bioactive compounds, including some vitamins. Although several studies attempted to identify definitive markers for certain vitamin deficiencies, the role of gut microbiota in these deficiencies is unclear. To investigate the role of gut microbiota in deficiencies of four vitamins, B, B, folate, and B, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of metabolites in mice treated and untreated with antibiotics.

Characterization of the taste receptor-related G-protein, α-gustducin, in pancreatic β-cells.

Aims/introduction: Taste receptors, T1rs and T2rs, and the taste-selective G-protein, α-gustducin, are expressed outside the taste-sensing system, such as enteroendocrine L cells. Here, we examined whether α-gustducin also affects nutrition sensing and insulin secretion by pancreatic β-cells.

Materials And Methods: The expression of α-gustducin and taste receptors was evaluated in β-cell lines, and in rat and mouse islets either by quantitative polymerase chain reaction or fluorescence immunostaining.

Bacterial Contamination of Hemodialysis Devices in Hospital Dialysis Wards.

Chronic care patients undergoing hemodialysis for treatment of end-stage renal failure experience higher rates of bloodstream-associated infection due to the patients' compromised immune system and management of the bloodstream through catheters. Staphylococcus species are acommon cause of hemodialysis catheterrelated bloodstream infections. We investigated environmental bacterial contamination of dialysis wards and contamination of hemodialysis devices to determine the source of bacteria for these infections.

Irradiation by ultraviolet light-emitting diodes inactivates influenza a viruses by inhibiting replication and transcription of viral RNA in host cells.

Influenza A viruses (IAVs) pose a serious global threat to humans and their livestock, especially poultry and pigs. This study aimed to investigate how to inactivate IAVs by using different ultraviolet-light-emitting diodes (UV-LEDs). We developed sterilization equipment with light-emitting diodes (LEDs) those peak wavelengths were 365 nm (UVA-LED), 310 nm (UVB-LED), and 280 nm (UVC-LED).

Host cellular unfolded protein response signaling regulates Campylobacter jejuni invasion.

Campylobacter jejuni is a major cause of bacterial foodborne illness in humans worldwide. Bacterial entry into a host eukaryotic cell involves the initial steps of adherence and invasion, which generally activate several cell-signaling pathways that induce the activation of innate defense systems, which leads to the release of proinflammatory cytokines and induction of apoptosis. Recent studies have reported that the unfolded protein response (UPR), a system to clear unfolded proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), also participates in the activation of cellular defense mechanisms in response to bacterial infection.