Evaluation of two-dimensional total bone uptake (2D-TBU) and bone scan index (BSI) extracted from active bone metastatic burden on the bone scintigraphy in patients with radium-223 treatment.

Objective: Radium-223 is a first alpha-emitting radionuclide treatment for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) patients with bone metastases. Although the spread-based bone scan index (BSI) and novel index of the intensity-based two-dimensional total bone uptake (2D-TBU) from bone scintigraphy may provide useful input in radium-223 treatment, they have not been evaluated in detail yet. This study aimed to fill this gap by evaluating BSI and 2D-TBU in patients treated with radium-223.

Impact of irregular waveforms on data-driven respiratory gated PET/CT images processed using MotionFree algorithm.

Objectives: MotionFree® (AMF) is a data-driven respiratory gating (DDG) algorithm for image processing that has recently been introduced into clinical practice. The present study aimed to verify the accuracy of respiratory waveform and the effects of normal and irregular respiratory motions using AMF with the DDG algorithm.

Methods: We used a NEMA IEC body phantom comprising six spheres (37-, 28-, 22-, 17-, 13-, and 10 mm diameter) containing F.

Prognostic value of post-treatment serum soluble interleukin-2 receptor in newly diagnosed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma patients who achieved complete metabolic response following R-CHOP therapy.

Patients with DLBCL achieving complete metabolic response (CMR) after initial treatment with R-CHOP generally have a favourable prognosis; however, there are no established prognostic biomarkers for relapse in these patients. Soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R) levels at diagnosis are prognostic factors in patients with DLBCL. However, the significance of post-treatment sIL-2R levels is unclear.

Bone metastases with "false negative" findings on 18F-FDG PET/CT in patients with angiosarcoma: A case series with literature review.

Rationale: Fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) is considered a reliable and indispensable imaging method when evaluating distant metastases and clinical staging of angiosarcomas. Here, we report 2 cases of angiosarcoma with bone metastases with "false negative" findings on 18F-FDG PET/CT.

Patient Concerns: Case 1, a 39-year-old woman, who had undergone mastectomy for primary angiosarcoma 2 years prior, presented with a 5-month history of right coxalgia.

Mucinous tumors arising from ovarian teratomas as another source of pseudomyxoma peritoneii: MR findings comparison with ovarian metastases from appendiceal mucinous tumors.

Objective: The origin of pseudomyxoma peritoneii (PMP) has been established as low-grade appendiceal mucinous tumors (AMT). However, intestinal-type ovarian mucinous tumors are known as another source of PMP. Recently, it is advocated that ovarian mucinous tumors causing PMP originates from teratomas.

Reproducibility of the principal component analysis (PCA)-based data-driven respiratory gating on texture features in non-small cell lung cancer patients with F-FDG PET/CT.

Objective: Texture analysis is one of the lung cancer countermeasures in the field of radiomics. Even though image quality affects texture features, the reproducibility of principal component analysis (PCA)-based data-driven respiratory gating (DDG) on texture features remains poorly understood. Hence, this study aimed to clarify the reproducibility of PCA-based DDG on texture features in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with F-Fluorodeoxyglucose ( F-FDG) Positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT).

Effectiveness and tasks of breast MRI surveillance for high-risk women with cancer susceptibility genes other than BRCA1/2: a single institution study.

Background: In Japan, with the introduction of multigene panel testing, there is an urgent need to build a new medical system for hereditary breast cancer patients that covers pathogenic variants other than BRCA1/2. The aim of this study was to reveal the current status of breast MRI surveillance for high-risk breast cancer susceptibility genes other than BRCA1/2 and the characteristics of detected breast cancer.

Methods: We retrospectively examined 42 breast MRI surveillance with contrast performed on patients with hereditary tumors other than BRCA1/2 pathogenic variants at our hospital from 2017 to 2021.

Ringlike Peripheral Increased Iodine Concentration for the Differentiation of Primary Lung Cancer and Pulmonary Metastases on Contrast-Enhanced Dual-Energy CT.

Differentiation of primary lung cancers and pulmonary metastases may present a diagnostic dilemma given overlapping CT findings. The purpose of this study was to compare the utility of ringlike peripheral increased iodine concentration and conventional findings for differentiating primary lung cancers from pulmonary metastases on dual-energy CT (DECT). This retrospective study included 93 patients (64 men, 29 women; median age, 70 years) who underwent resection of a primary lung cancer ( = 68) or pulmonary metastasis ( = 25) corresponding to a solid lesion on preoperative contrast-enhanced DECT performed between April 2020 and March 2021.

Distinct Prognostic Impact of PET Findings Based on Radiological Appearance in Clinical Stage IA Lung Adenocarcinoma.

Introduction: Although solid appearance on computed tomography and positive findings on positron emission tomography (PET) have been both associated with poor outcome in lung adenocarcinoma, the extent to which these findings overlap is unknown. This study aimed to determine the differences in prognostic significance of PET findings in part-solid nodules (PSNs) and solid nodules.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively investigated 417 patients with clinical stage IA adenocarcinoma who underwent curative resection between 2010 and 2017.

Development of a new quantification method using partial volume effect correction for individual energy peaks in In-pentetreotide SPECT/CT.

Objectives: Somatostatin receptor scintigraphy (SRS) using In-pentetreotide has no established quantification method. The purpose of this study was to develop a new quantitative method to correct the partial volume effect (PVE) for individual energy peaks in In-pentetreotide single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT).

Methods: Phantom experiments were performed to construct a new quantitative method.

Determination of a reliable assessment for occupational eye lens dose in nuclear medicine.

The most recent statement published by the International Commission on Radiological Protection describes a reduction in the maximum allowable occupational eye lens dose from 150 to 20 mSv/year (averaged over 5-year periods). Exposing the eye lens to radiation is a concern for nuclear medicine staff who handle radionuclide tracers with various levels of photon energy. This study aimed to define the optimal dosimeter and means of measuring the amount of exposure to which the eye lens is exposed during a routine nuclear medicine practice.

Comparison of skeletal segmentation by deep learning-based and atlas-based segmentation in prostate cancer patients.

Objective: We aimed to compare the deep learning-based (VSBONE BSI) and atlas-based (BONENAVI) segmentation accuracy that have been developed to measure the bone scan index based on skeletal segmentation.

Methods: We retrospectively conducted bone scans for 383 patients with prostate cancer. These patients were divided into two groups: 208 patients were injected with Tc-hydroxymethylene diphosphonate processed by VSBONE BSI, and 175 patients were injected with Tc-methylene diphosphonate processed by BONENAVI.

New standards for phantom image quality and SUV harmonization range for multicenter oncology PET studies.

Not only visual interpretation for lesion detection, staging, and characterization, but also quantitative treatment response assessment are key roles for F-FDG PET in oncology. In multicenter oncology PET studies, image quality standardization and SUV harmonization are essential to obtain reliable study outcomes. Standards for image quality and SUV harmonization range should be regularly updated according to progress in scanner performance.

[Effects of CT-based Attenuation Correction on PET Images Using Data-driven Respiratory Gating].

Purpose: We applied deviceless, positron emission tomography/computed tomography(PET/CT) data-driven respiratory gating (DDG) to validate the effects of misalignment between PET and CT at various respiratory phases.

Methods: A lung lesion was simulated using an NEMA IEC body phantom in which the background comprised hot spheres containing polystyrene foam beads. We acquired PET images as the phantom moved downwards and then stopped.

Determining the extent of tumor resection at surgical planning with F-fluciclovine PET/CT in patients with suspected glioma: multicenter phase III trials.

Objective: Glioma is the most common type of central nervous system tumor reported worldwide. Current imaging technologies have limitations in the diagnosis and assessment of glioma. The present study aimed to confirm the diagnostic efficacy and safety of anti-1-amino-3-[F]fluorocyclobutane carboxylic acid (F-fluciclovine; anti-[F]FACBC) as a radiotracer for patients undergoing combined positron emission tomography and computed tomography (PET/CT) for suspected glioma.

Pseudocirrhosis caused by lung adenocarcinoma with diffuse liver metastasis: An autopsy case report.

We describe a rare case of a 64-year-old man with lung adenocarcinoma with lymph node and bone metastases who developed pseudocirrhosis. Initial examination revealed a hepatic disorder of unknown cause with narrowing of the portal vein and a low-density area surrounding the portal veins in computed tomography (CT) imaging. Diffuse liver metastasis was diagnosed after percutaneous liver biopsy.

Patient arm position during quantitative bone single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography acquisition can affect image quality and quantitative accuracy: a phantom study.

Purpose: The present study used a phantom to determine the effects of various arm positions on bone SPECT/computed tomography (CT) images and the optimal arm position to acquire good-quality and quantitatively accurate images.

Materials And Methods: We designed a phantom study of five simulated arm positions that are assumed during SPECT image acquisition. All SPECT data were acquired during a total of 120 projections of 10 and 100 s/view over 360° in a non-circular mode and reconstructed using Flash 3D (Siemens Healthineers).

Alectinib for relapsed or refractory anaplastic lymphoma kinase-positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma: An open-label phase II trial.

Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) inhibition is expected to be a promising therapeutic strategy for ALK-positive malignancies. We aimed to examine the efficacy and safety of alectinib, a second-generation ALK inhibitor, in patients with relapsed or refractory ALK-positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL). This open-label, phase II trial included patients (aged 6 years or older) with relapsed or refractory ALK-positive ALCL.

Phantom and clinical evaluation of bone SPECT/CT image reconstruction with xSPECT algorithm.

Background: Two novel methods of image reconstruction, xSPECT Quant (xQ) and xSPECT Bone (xB), that use an ordered subset conjugate gradient minimizer (OSCGM) for SPECT/CT reconstruction have been proposed. The present study compares the performance characteristics of xQ, xB, and conventional Flash3D (F3D) reconstruction using images derived from phantoms and patients.

Methods: A custom-designed body phantom for bone SPECT was scanned using a Symbia Intevo (Siemens Healthineers), and reconstructed xSPECT images were evaluated.

Cardiac overload resolved by resection of a large plexiform neurofibroma on both the buttocks and upper posterior thighs in a patient with neurofibromatosis type I: a case report.

Background: A large plexiform neurofibroma in patients with neurofibromatosis type I can be life threatening due to possible massive bleeding within the lesion. Although the literature includes many reports that describe the plexiform neurofibroma size and weight or strategies for their surgical treatment, few have discussed their possible physical or mental benefits, such as reducing cardiac stress. In addition, resection of these large tumors can result in impaired wound healing, partly due to massive blood loss during surgery.

Diagnostic performance of a computer-assisted diagnostic system: sensitivity of BONENAVI for bone scintigraphy in patients with disseminated skeletal metastasis is not so high.

Purpose: Bone scintigraphy (BS) of disseminated skeletal metastasis is sometimes misinterpreted as normal. The use of computer-assisted diagnosis (CAD) may resolve this problem. We investigated the performance of a CAD system, BONENAVI, in the diagnosis of disseminated skeletal metastasis.