Effects of water injection on reaction temperature and hydrogen production in horizontal co-axial underground coal gasification.

Underground coal gasification (UCG) is process of directly recovering energy as combustible gases such as hydrogen and carbon monoxide by combusting unmined coal resources in situ. During UCG process, the temperature in the gasification zone can exceed 1,300 °C, raising concerns about the potential melting of the steel pipe for oxidant injection. To control the temperature in the gasification zone, the use of water injection as an injection agent can be an option.

Monitoring the gasification area and its behavior in underground coal gasification by acoustic emission technique instead of temperature measurement.

Underground Coal Gasification (UCG) requires monitoring of the gasification area because the gasification process is invisible and the reaction temperature exceeds 1000 °C. Many fracturing events that occurred due to coal heating can be captured with Acoustic Emission (AE) monitoring technique during UCG. However, the temperature conditions to generate fracturing events during UCG have not yet been clarified.

Hydroponic cultivation offers a practical means of producing selenium-enriched garlic.

Garlic enriched by selenium (Se) could be an excellent source of dietary Se for cancer chemoprevention. The production of high-Se garlic requires Se-fertilized soil, but such soil may pollute the environment. Hydroponics is a closed system that allows good control over Se fertilization without environmental consequences.

Tetrahydro-beta-carboline derivatives in aged garlic extract show antioxidant properties.

This study used the hydroden peroxide scavenging assay to investigate antioxidant chemical constituents derived and separated from aged garlic extract, a unique garlic extract produced by soaking sliced garlic in an aqueous ethanol solution for >10 mo. Four types of 1, 2, 3, 4-tetrahydro-beta-carboline derivatives (THbetaCs); 1-methyl-1, 2, 3, 4-tetrahydro-beta-carboline-3-carboxylic acid, and 1-methyl-1, 2, 3, 4-tetrahydro-beta-carboline-1, 3-dicarboxylic acid (MTCdiC), from both diastereoisomers, were isolated and identified by use of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. All these compounds indicate strong hydrogen peroxide scavenging activities and inhibit 2, 2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane) hydrochloride-induced lipid peroxidation.

Identification of six phenylpropanoids from garlic skin as major antioxidants.

The extract of garlic skins (peels) showed strong antioxidant activity, and some responsible constituents were isolated and identified. Garlic (Allium sativum L.) has been used as an herbal medicine, but there is no report on the health benefits of the skin or peel.

Antioxidant effects of tetrahydro-beta-carboline derivatives identified in aged garlic extract.

1,2,3,4-Tetrahydro-beta-carboline derivatives (THbetaCs) are formed through Pictet-Spengler chemical condensation between tryptophan and aldehydes during food production, storage and processing. In the present study, in order to identify the antioxidants in aged garlic extract (AGE), we fractionated it and identified four THbetaCs; 1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-beta-carboline-3-carboxylic acids (MTCC) and 1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-beta-carboline-1,3-dicarboxylic acid (MTCdiC) in both diastereoisomers using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Interestingly, these compounds were not detected in raw garlic, but the contents increased during the natural aging process of garlic.