Enhanced bone formation of rat mandibular bone defects with collagen membranes loaded on bone morphogenetic protein-9.

Background/purpose: Bone morphogenetic protein-9 (BMP-9) has demonstrated multiple advantages in promoting osteogenesis. Our previous findings have indicated that the use of an absorbable collagen membrane (ACM) as a carrier for growth factors is effective in stimulating bone regeneration. The objective of this study was to assess the synergistic impact of BMP-9 incorporated into ACM (ACM/BMP-9) on bone formation within rat mandibular bone defects.