Publications by authors named "Takashi Onda"

The percentage of older patients with gynecological malignancies has recently been on the rise. Although prospective studies focusing on the treatment of older patients have been conducted for ovarian cancer, mainly in Europe, there have been scarce literature on cervical and endometrial cancers, and information on their treatment is currently lacking. One of the characteristics of older patients is that not only their performance status but also other factors, such as physical, mental and social factors, cause a large variability, and individual differences in their response to treatments.

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Article Synopsis
  • Patient-derived cells and xenografts are essential for understanding the characteristics of clinical cancers and their resistance to chemotherapy, particularly in ovarian cancer.
  • A study using patient-derived spheroids showed significant variation in sensitivity to platinum-based drugs like cisplatin, revealing a strong correlation between cisplatin resistance and elevated levels of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) and glutathione enzymes.
  • Treatment strategies combining G6PD inhibitors with cisplatin were effective in reducing tumor growth and metastasis in lab models, highlighting the importance of targeting G6PD-driven metabolism for improving treatment outcomes in cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer.
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Purpose: Computed tomography of the abdomen and pelvis is a useful imaging modality for identifying origin and extent of ovarian cancer before primary debulking surgery. However, the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics staging for ovarian cancer is determined based on surgico-pathological findings. The purpose of this study is to determine whether computed tomography staging can be the surrogate for surgico-pathological International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics staging in advanced ovarian cancer undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

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Article Synopsis
  • The study compares two treatment approaches for advanced ovarian, tubal, and peritoneal cancers: primary debulking surgery (PDS) and neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT), finding that NACT may not be as effective as PDS for overall survival (OS).
  • A total of 301 patients were randomized, with median OS of 49.0 months for PDS and 44.3 months for NACT, illustrating that while NACT is less invasive, it did not confirm noninferiority compared to PDS.
  • Factors like tumor resection success and patient characteristics influenced outcomes; thus, while NACT may be effective, further examination is needed to determine if it can broadly replace PDS in treatment
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In endometriosis, M2 macrophages (MΦ) are dominant and promote the development of endometriosis lesions. However, the factor(s) which induces M2 MΦ are unknown. In the present study, we focused on interleukin (IL)-33, known as an alarmin and investigated its expression and its role in endometriosis, especially from the point of the relevance with MΦ.

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Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of T2 star (T2*) mapping in diagnosing ovarian cysts/ tumors.

Methods: Pelvic magnetic resonance examinations including T2*WI were performed before surgery in 35 patients. The region of interest, consisted of a 10 mm diameter circle, was set as much as possible inside ovarian tumors/cysts to measure T2*values, and mean T2* values were compared in ovarian cyst/tumor types, retrospectively.

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After a brief summary of the current status of poly-ADP ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors for ovarian cancer, we summarize the current status of PARP inhibitors for BRCA wild type ovarian cancer, especially regarding gene alterations other than BRCA, homologous recombination deficiency (HRD), and combinations. Discussion of gene alterations other than BRCA include the results of multiple gene panels studying homologous recombination repair deficiency genes and cancer susceptibility genes, and influences of these alterations on efficacy of PARP inhibitors and cancer susceptibility. Discussions of HRD include the results of phase three trials using HRD assay, the definition of HRD assays, and the latest assays.

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Article Synopsis
  • The female athlete triad consists of low energy availability, menstrual dysfunction, and low bone mineral density, which can lead to stress fractures, especially in athletes aged 16-17.
  • A study conducted on 390 elite female athletes aimed to determine the correlation between the Triad and the risk of stress fractures, comparing teenage and 20-something athletes.
  • Results showed teenage athletes were at a significantly higher risk for stress fractures due to the Triad, with specific factors like secondary amenorrhea and low bone density greatly increasing this risk.
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Objects: There is growing evidence that sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is involved in inflammatory diseases. As endometriosis is known as an inflammatory disease, we investigated the role of S1P system in the development of endometriosis.

Methods: The expression of sphingosine kinase (SphK) 1 in endometriosis lesions was examined by immunohistochemistry.

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Objective: Chemotherapy is a standard adjuvant treatment after primary surgery for endometrial cancer in Japan. We aimed to characterize the clinical features of recurrent endometrial cancer (REC) patients in Japan.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 112 REC patients who were primarily treated at 1 of 3 university hospitals in Japan from 2005 to 2012.

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Aim: This phase II study using nedaplatin evaluated the effectiveness and safely of concurrent chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced uterine cervical carcinoma.

Patients And Methods: Patients met the following eligibility criteria,: International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage Ib, IIa, IIb with bulky tumor (≥40 mm) or pelvic lymph node swelling (≥10 mm), in FIGO stage IIIa, IIIb or IVa. Treatment adopted external radiation therapy combined with intracavitary brachyhtherapy using weekly nedaplain at 30 mg/m totaling five cycles.

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Purpose: We aimed to determine appropriate treatment guidelines for patients with stages I-II high-grade neuroendocrine carcinomas (HGNEC) of the uterine cervix in a multicenter retrospective study.

Patients And Methods: We reviewed the clinicopathological features and prognoses of 93 patients with HGNEC of International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stages I and II. All patients were diagnosed with HGNEC by central pathological review.

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To prospectively investigate the survival benefit of para-aortic lymphadenectomy, we launched a new study, the JCOG1412. This is a randomized Phase III trial to confirm the superiority of pelvic and para-aortic lymphadenectomy to pelvic lymphadenectomy alone. Patients corresponding to possible FIGO Stage IB, II, IIIA, IIIB, and a part of IIIC1 are eligible for the first registration before surgery.

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Background: We conducted a phase III, non-inferiority trial comparing upfront primary debulking surgery (PDS) and interval debulking surgery (IDS) following neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) for stage III/IV ovarian, tubal, and peritoneal cancers (JCOG0602). Two earlier studies, EORTC55971 and CHORUS, demonstrated non-inferior survival of patients treated with NAC. However, they could not evaluate true treatment invasiveness because of adding diagnostic laparotomy or laparoscopy before treatment in over 30% of both arms of EORTC55971 and in 16% of NAC arm of CHORUS.

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The establishment of cancer stem-like cell (CSC) culture systems may be instrumental in devising strategies to fight refractory cancers. Inhibition of the Rho kinase ROCK has been shown to favorably affect CSC spheroid cultures. In this study, we show how ROCK inhibition in human serous ovarian cancer (SOC) cells can help establish a CSC system, which illuminates cancer pathophysiology and its treatment in this setting.

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Surgery is effective and useful for curative treatment of patients with early invasive cervical cancer, yet minimization of surgical procedures provides many additional advantages for patients. Because the mean age of patients diagnosed with cervical precancer and invasive cancer has been decreasing, the need for minimization of surgery to reduce disruption of fertility is increasing. Trachelectomy is an innovative procedure for young patients with invasive cancer.

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Several 'lines of therapy' that utilize cytotoxic agents and are driven by platinum-free intervals are the current standard of care for patients with recurrent ovarian cancer. For patients with platinum-resistant disease, single agent chemotherapy (pegylated liposomal doxorubicin, topotecan, gemcitabine or weekly paclitaxel) is the standard of care. For patients with platinum-sensitive disease, combination chemotherapy (carboplatin plus paclitaxel, pegylated liposomal doxorubicin or gemcitabine) is the standard of care.

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Objective: In order to determine indications for less radical surgery such as modified radical hysterectomy, the risk of pathological parametrial involvement and prognosis of FIGO stage IB1 cervical cancer patients undergoing standard radical hysterectomy with pre-operatively assessed tumor diameter≤2 cm were investigated.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective multi-institutional chart review of patients with FIGO stage IB1 cervical cancer who underwent primary surgical treatment between 1998 and 2002. The eligibility criteria for the analyses were (i) histologically-proven squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma or, adenosquamous cell carcinoma, (ii) radical hysterectomy performed, (iii) clinical tumor diameter data available by MR imaging or specimens by cone biopsy, and (iv) age between 20 and 70.

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The purpose of this study was to analyze transposed ovarian movement. Data from 27 patients who underwent ovarian transposition after surgical treatment for uterine cancer were retrospectively analyzed. Computed tomography (CT) images including transposed ovaries were superimposed on other CT images acquired at different times, and were matched on bony structures.

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A non-randomized confirmatory trial was started in Japan to evaluate the efficacy of modified radical hysterectomy in patients with tumor diameter 2 cm or less FIGO Stage IB1 uterine cervical cancer, for which the current standard is radical hysterectomy. This study began in January 2013 and a total of 240 patients will be accrued from 37 institutions within 3 years. The primary endpoint is 5-year survival.

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Purpose: Alternative splicing variants of survivin have different biological roles on cell kinetics. Here, we focused on the effects of different variants, including wild type (wt), survivin-ΔEx3, and survivin-2B, on apoptosis and cell proliferation in endometrial carcinomas (Em Cas).

Methods: Expression of survivin-wt, survivin-ΔEx3, and survivin-2B with reference to cell death and proliferation was investigated, using Em Ca cell lines and its clinical tissues.

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The current standard treatment for advanced ovarian cancer is primary debulking surgery (PDS) followed by postsurgical chemotherapy. We can expect better prognosis in cases where optimal debulking (residual diseases<1 cm) can be achieved. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) has been recognized as an alternative treatment to primary surgical debulking for patients with poor performance status or apparently unresectable bulky tumors.

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Aim: We examined the correlations between the pretreatment values of four tumor markers (squamous cell carcinoma [SCC]-antigen, carcinoembryonic antigen [CEA], carbohydrate antigen [CA]19-9, and CA125) and postsurgical high-risk factors (parametrial involvement and positive pelvic lymph nodes) in women with SCC of the uterine cervix who had International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics clinical stage IB and IIA disease and underwent radical hysterectomy.

Material And Methods: In this retrospective study, we reviewed 291 patients between April 1989 and December 2008. The first 200 subjects, studied between 1989 and 2001, served as the training set, and another 91 subjects, studied between 2002 and 2008, comprised the test set.

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