The impact of hormonal dynamics and serum sodium fluctuations on symptomatic vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Background: Symptomatic vasospasm (SVS) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), and serum sodium frequently decreases before SVS. Serum sodium changes might be regulated by sodium metabolism-related hormones. This multi-institutional prospective cohort study therefore investigated the measurement of sodium metabolism-related hormones to elucidate the pathophysiology of serum sodium changes in SAH.

An Aneurysm at the Origin of a Duplicated Middle Cerebral Artery Treated by Stent-Assisted Coiling Using the "Wrapped-Candy" Low-Profile Visualized Intraluminal Support (LVIS) Technique: A Technical Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Background: Aneurysms at the origin of a duplicated middle cerebral artery (DMCA) are quite rare. Here, we report a patient with such an aneurysm successfully treated endovascularly using our novel "wrapped-candy" low-profile visualized intraluminal support (LVIS) technique.

Case Description: A 44-year-old woman underwent endovascular treatment for an unruptured wide-necked aneurysm at the origin of a DMCA that incorporated the origin of the DMCA into its neck.

Double Stent Retriever (SR) Technique: A Novel Mechanical Thrombectomy Technique to Facilitate the Device-Clot Interaction for Refractory Acute Cerebral Large Vessel Occlusions.

Background: Mechanical thrombectomy has become the standard treatment for acute ischemic stroke caused by large vessel occlusion; however, refractory occlusions still occur despite various thrombectomy procedures. The double stent retriever (SR) technique, which employs 2 SRs simultaneously at the occlusion, can be useful for such refractory occlusions.

Methods: We described 2 cases of refractory acute cerebral occlusion despite the use of conventional thrombectomy procedures that were both treated with the double SR technique.

Impact of Additional Lipid-Lowering Therapy on New Ischemic Lesions of Diffusion-Weighted Imaging in Carotid Artery Stenting.

Background: New ischemic lesions on diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) are frequently found after carotid artery stenting (CAS) and sometimes cause neurologic deficit. We investigated the rate and the potential factor of new DWI lesions during the perioperative period of CAS in symptomatic patients at our institution.

Materials And Methods: Of 187 consecutive patients who underwent CAS (April 2013-August 2016), we investigated 60 symptomatic patients with artery-to-artery embolism from carotid plaque.

Decreased serum sodium levels predict symptomatic vasospasm in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Background: Symptomatic vasospasm is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in subarachnoid hemorrhage patients. Hyponatremia and dehydration due to natriuresis after subarachnoid hemorrhage are related to symptomatic vasospasm. Therefore, most institutions are currently targeting euvolemia and eunatremia in subarachnoid hemorrhage patients to avoid complications.

Significance of blood aspiration in carotid artery stenting with Angioguard XP.

Background And Purpose: In some patients, angiographic flow impairment is observed during carotid artery stenting (CAS) using Angioguard XP (AGXP), resulting in neurological symptoms. CAS was thus modified to improve clinical outcome.

Methods: Ninety-seven patients were treated with CAS using AGXP from January 2008 to October 2009.

Sca-1 and Thy-1 accelerate neuron-like differentiation in bone marrow stromal cells.

Bone marrow stromal cells taken from EGFP transgenic mice were sorted by magnetic beads with surface markers for Sca-1 and Thy-1. The cells were then co-cultured on organotypic hippocampal slice or with neuronal cell feeder in dish. On hippocampus, both Sca-1 and Thy-1 positive cells showed 4- 8 folds higher potential to show neuron-like morphology than negative cells.

Carotid artery occlusion and collateral circulation in C57Black/6J mice detected by synchrotron radiation microangiography.

Using monochromatic synchrotron radiation, we performed microangiography in C57BL/6J mice and investigated their vasculature after unilateral and bilateral carotid artery occlusion. Bilateral occlusion of the carotid artery was made by a ligation of the left common carotid artery followed by a ligation of the right internal carotid artery (ICA) two days later (n=12). Five days after the second surgery, angiography was performed.

In vivo X-ray angiography in the mouse brain using synchrotron radiation.

Background And Purpose: We, for the first time, performed in vivo x-ray angiography in the mouse brain using SPring-8, a third-generation synchrotron radiation facility.

Methods: A thin PE-50 tube was placed in the unilateral external carotid artery in adult male C57BL/6J mice. While maintaining the blood flow in the internal carotid artery, 33 muL of contrast agent was injected and then selective angiography of the hemisphere was performed.