HIV-2 amino acid substitutions in Gag and Env proteins occurring simultaneously with viral load upsurge in a drug-naïve patient.

It has been reported that the peptides of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2) most frequently recognized by cytotoxic T lymphocytes are firstly in Gag and secondly in Env proteins. In the present case study, we attempted to observe amino acid substitutions in Gag and Env proteins and related parameters possibly associated with an increase in HIV-2 load. A sudden, eightfold, increase in HIV-2 load occurred in a drug-naïve patient with human leukocyte antigen-B*5801 during the last phase of a longitudinal observation period from months 29 to 40.

Nucleotide and amino acid polymorphisms at drug resistance sites in non-B-subtype variants of human immunodeficiency virus type 1.

We have compared nucleotide substitutions and polymorphisms at codons known to confer drug resistance in subtype B strains of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) with similar substitutions in viruses of other subtypes. Genotypic analysis was performed on viruses from untreated individuals. Nucleotide and amino acid diversity at resistance sites was compared with a consensus subtype B reference virus.

Drug resistance profiles of recombinant reverse transcriptases from human immunodeficiency virus type 1 subtypes A/E, B, and C.

We have expressed purified recombinant reverse transcriptase (RT) from clinical isolates of human immunodeficiency virus subtypes B, C, and A/E in Escherichia coli. The drug sensitivities of these RTs were then determined for both nucleoside RT inhibitors (NRTIs) and nonnucleoside RT inhibitors (NNRTIs) in cell-free RT assays. Although A/E and C viruses contained numerous polymorphisms relative to subtype B (i.

Introduction of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 infection in the Philippines.

The aim of this study was to describe and document the first case of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2) in the Philippines by using serological and molecular techniques and to compare the diversity of this strain to that of strains from other countries. With the introduction of HIV-2 into the country and the presence of diversified strains of HIV-1, the use of highly sensitive assays to detect all these strains is recommended.