Effectiveness of e-learning material on essential components of evidence-based medicine among laypersons: a randomized controlled trial.

Evidence-based medicine (EBM) is helpful for laypersons' decision-making. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of e-learning materials on the essential components of EBM for laypersons. We conducted a web-based, open-label, randomized controlled trial with laypersons in Japan aged ≥20 years who used the internet.

Chronic ingestion of soy peptide supplementation reduces aggressive behavior and abnormal fear memory caused by juvenile social isolation.

Juvenile loneliness is a risk factor for psychopathology in later life. Deprivation of early social experience due to peer rejection has a detrimental impact on emotional and cognitive brain function in adulthood. Accumulating evidence indicates that soy peptides have many positive effects on higher brain function in rodents and humans.

The structure of the rat vitamin B transporter TC and its complex with glutathionylcobalamin.

Vitamin B (cobalamin or Cbl) functions as a cofactor in two important enzymatic processes in human cells, and life is not sustainable without it. B is obtained from food and travels from the stomach, through the intestine, and into the bloodstream by three B-transporting proteins: salivary haptocorrin (HC), gastric intrinsic factor, and transcobalamin (TC), which all bind B with high affinity and require proteolytic degradation to liberate Cbl. After intracellular delivery of dietary B, Cbl in the aquo/hydroxocobalamin form can coordinate various nucleophiles, for example, GSH, giving rise to glutathionylcobalamin (GSCbl), a naturally occurring form of vitamin B.

Predictability of the National Psychological Stress Screening for Subsequent Long-Term Psychiatric Sick Leave Among Employees: A Multicenter Nested Case-Control Study.

Objective: The aim of the study is to predict employees' long-term sick leave due to psychiatric disorders using the national psychological stress screening program.

Methods: University employees who took long-term psychiatric sick leave in 2016-2018 were assigned as cases. Those who were present at work and matched for sex, age, and occupation type were assigned as controls.

A Randomized Controlled Trial of Betamethasone on Fatigue in Patients With Advanced Cancer.

Context: Fatigue is one of the most uncomfortable physical symptoms seen in patients with advanced cancer. Previous studies have reported on the efficacy of corticosteroids from Western countries.

Objectives: To assess the effectiveness of 4mg betamethasone improving fatigue among Japanese patients with advanced cancer.

Spatiotemporal patterns of throwing muscle synergies in yips-affected baseball players.

"Yips" are involuntary movements that interfere with the automatic execution of sports movements. However, how the coordination among the various muscles necessary for sports movements is impaired in athletes with yips remains to be fully understood. This study aimed to assess whether muscle synergy analysis through non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) could identify impaired spatiotemporal muscle coordination in baseball players with throwing yips.

Motor imagery ability in baseball players with throwing yips.

The motor imagery ability is closely related to an individual's motor performance in sports. However, whether motor imagery ability is diminished in athletes with yips, in whom motor performance is impaired, is unclear. Therefore, this cross-sectional study aimed to determine whether general motor imagery ability or vividness of motor imagery specific to throwing motion is impaired in baseball players with throwing yips.

Effects of oral health-related quality of life on total mortality: a prospective cohort study.

Background: The effects of oral health on mortality have been reported; however, the association between mortality and Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHQOL) is unknown. We investigated the effect of OHQOL on total mortality in a cohort consisting of dentists.

Methods: In this cohort study, we analyzed data from the Longitudinal Evaluation of Multi-phasic, Odonatological and Nutritional Associations in Dentists study.

Five-year changes of social activity and incident long-term care needs among depressed older adults: A 15-year follow up.

Objectives: To examine the effects of changes in individual/multiple social activities between 65 and 70 years of age on incident long-term care (LTC) needs between 70 and 80 in older adults with depressive symptoms.

Methods: Participants were recruited from the New Integrated Suburban Seniority Investigation Project, an ongoing prospective cohort study. A total of 525 older adults with depressive symptoms were included.

Temporal change in the association between life satisfaction and functional decline with gender differences: an age-specific prospective cohort study.

Background: Although life satisfaction (LS) has been shown to predict mortality, research studying the relationship between LS and functional decline is scarce. This study examined the association between LS and functional decline across four time points in young-old Japanese adults.

Methods: We analysed 1,899 community-dwelling 65-year-olds in this age-specific cohort study conducted between 2000 and 2005.

Does endoscopic sphincterotomy contribute to the prevention of post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis after endoscopic biliary stenting for malignant biliary obstruction? A multicenter prospective cohort study.

Background: There is no consensus on the necessity of endoscopic sphincterotomy (ES) to prevent post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis (PEP) after endoscopic stenting in patients with malignant biliary obstruction. We investigated the incidence of PEP after endoscopic biliary stenting for malignant biliary obstruction with or without ES in a multicenter prospective cohort study.

Methods: We enrolled 807 patients who underwent endoscopic biliary stenting for malignant biliary obstruction with a native papilla at 36 hospitals between April 2017 and March 2018.

E-Learning Material of Evidence-Based Medicine for Laypersons.

Background: There is a need for evidence-based medicine (EBM) education for laypersons. However, there are few materials or opportunities to learn EBM for Japanese laypersons.

Objective: The aim of this study was to develop and test the usability of e-learning material on EBM for health-conscious laypersons in Japan.

Association between 3-Year Repetitive Isolated Hematuria and eGFR Deterioration in an Apparently Healthy Population: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Microscopic hematuria is being increasingly recognized as a major indicator of kidney deterioration. Persistent hematuria may better detect estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) deterioration and potential glomerulonephritis. We conducted a retrospective cohort study to investigate the associations between persistent hematuria: the frequency or consistency of positive dipstick hematuria defined by the preceding 3 years urinalyses, and eGFR deterioration over 5 years and abnormal urinalyses suggesting potential glomerulonephritis (hematuria 1+ or higher, 2+ or higher, proteinuria, and hematuria and proteinuria) 5 years later, among adult participants with positive dipstick hematuria at baseline in a large-scale Japanese health checkup setting (n = 2104).

Identification of High-Risk Groups in Urinalysis: Lessons from the Longitudinal Analysis of Annual Check-Ups.

Background: For effective screening in urinalysis, information on high-risk groups is needed; however, there is a lack of evidence in young adults in particular. The aim of this study was to provide information on urinalysis in young adults and to identify high-risk groups of urinalyses using multi-year data obtained from annual large-scale check-ups.

Method: We used annual health check-up data collected from 2011 to 2016 at Kyoto University in Japan.

Association between daily sleep duration and the risk of incident dementia according to the presence or absence of diseases among older Japanese individuals in the New Integrated Suburban Seniority Investigation (NISSIN) project.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the association between daily sleep duration and incident dementia among physically and socially independent older people with/without diseases (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases) in a Japanese age-specific cohort.

Methods: We carried out a prospective cohort study including 1954 (1006 men and 948 women) Japanese individuals aged 64/65 years. Information on daily sleep duration, medical status, demographics, and lifestyle characteristics was collected by a baseline questionnaire survey and health checkup (2000-2005).

Changes in social activities and the occurrence and persistence of depressive symptoms: Do type and combination of social activities make a difference?

Objective: We aimed to explore the association between changes in social activities and the occurrence/persistence of depressive symptoms and investigate the difference in effect sizes among the types and combinations of social activities.

Methods: The study adopted a valid 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale to assess depressive symptoms in 2480 community-dwelling adults aged 64/65 years. Changes in social-related, learning, and personal activities were classified into four categories: continued low frequency (CLF), increased frequency (IF), decreased frequency (DF), and continued regular frequency (CRF).

Intravenous Tranexamic Acid in Percutaneous Kidney Biopsy: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Tranexamic acid is frequently reported to reduce bleeding-related complications in major surgery and trauma. We aimed to investigate whether tranexamic acid reduced hematoma size after percutaneous kidney biopsy.

Methods: We conducted a double-blind, parallel three-group, randomized placebo-controlled trial at a teaching hospital in Japan between January 2016 and July 2018.

Association of dietary diversity with all-cause mortality by body mass index in Japanese older adults: An age-specific prospective cohort study (NISSIN project).

Aim: Dietary diversity might reduce the risk of malnutrition, although it is also linked to obesity. We examined whether dietary diversity is associated with all-cause mortality in Japanese older adults based on their body mass index (BMI).

Methods: The current study included 2944 people aged 64-65 years who participated in the New Integrated Suburban Seniority Investigation (NISSIN) project from 1996 to 2005.

Comparison Among Conventional Multivariable Analysis, Proxy Exposure Analysis, and Instrumental Variable Analysis: Effectiveness of Two-or-More-Dose Vaccination for Measles and Rubella in University Students.

A catch-up campaign for measles and rubella (MR) vaccinations was conducted among third-year high school (MR-4) students between 2008 and 2012 as part of governmental policy. We examined three analytical methodologies to assess the vaccination policies. We measured the antibody titers of the first-year students involved and not involved in the catch-up campaign and analyzed the levels of antibody titers after two-or-more-dose vaccination using conventional regression analysis, the individual's birth year using proxy exposure analysis, and the birth fiscal year using two-stage least square (2SLS) regression as instrumental variables.

The development of a prediction model for arrest of labour to be used at regular check-ups, during 36 or 37 gestational weeks, for primiparas: a retrospective cohort study.

Purpose: An emergency caesarean section (CS) has more complications than a planned CS. The arrest of labour is a major indication for an emergency CS. This study aimed to develop a prediction model for the arrest of labour to be used in regular check-ups at 36 or 37 gestational weeks for primiparas.

Changes in behavioral activities and transition of depressive symptoms among younger-old community-dwelling adults during 6 years: An age-specific prospective cohort study.

Objective: Regular engagement in behavioral activities plays a crucial role against depressive symptoms in older adults. This study aims to explore the relationship between behavioral activities and the temporal evolution of depressive symptoms.

Methods: We included community-dwelling Japanese adults aged 64 or 65 years with and without depressive symptoms enrolled in the New Integrated Suburban Seniority Investigation (NISSIN) project.