Short-chain peptides derived from various protein sources have been shown to exhibit diverse bio-modulatory and health-promoting effects in animal experiments and human trials. We recently reported that the oral administration of the Tyr-Trp (YW) dipeptide to mice markedly enhances noradrenaline metabolism in the brain and ameliorates the working-memory deficits induced by the β-amyloid 25-35 peptide (Aβ). In the current study, we performed multiple bioinformatics analyses of microarray data from Aβ/YW-treated brains to determine the mechanism underlying the action of YW in the brain and to infer the molecular mechanisms and networks involved in the protective effect of YW in the brain.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe combination of intravenous Proemend containing fosaprepitant meglumine, a prodrug for fosaprepitant (FAP), and Tween 80 and chemotherapy with anthracyclines, such as epirubicin (EPI), can cause infusion-site adverse events in clinical practice. In immortalized human umbilical vein endothelial (HUEhT-1) cells, the cytotoxic effects of FAP, EPI, diluted Proemend with culture medium and Tween 80 alone, and a combination of FAP and EPI, were evaluated using the WST-1 cell viability assay. FAP, EPI and diluted Proemend exhibited cytotoxicity in a concentration-dependent manner and marked synergic cytotoxicity was observed between FAP and EPI.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe Tyr-Pro (YP) dipeptide can serve as an adiponectin receptor 1 (AdipoR1) agonist. We thus investigated the AdipoR1-agonistic potential of YP-related tripeptides in the soybean protein sequence. Among the 17 soybean candidate tripeptides, those elongated at the C-terminus of YP (0.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBiochem Biophys Res Commun
April 2022
Shwachman-Diamond syndrome (SDS) is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutation in the Shwachman-Bodian-Diamond syndrome (SBDS) gene that has a variety of clinical features, including exocrine pancreatic insufficiency and hematological dysfunction. The SBDS protein is considered to be involved in ribosome biogenesis, ribosomal RNA metabolism, stabilization of mitotic spindles and cellular stress responses, yet the function of SBDS in detail is still incompletely understood. The multiple functions imply that certain proteins might associate with SBDS and affect its function.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe pathogenic mechanism of dementia is still unknown, and the fundamental treatment remains to be established. Thus, there is growing interest in preventing dementia through diet. One of the functional ingredients attracting attention is docosahexaenoic acid.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe physiological actions of orally ingested peptides on the brain remain poorly understood. This study examined the effects of 39 orally administered synthetic Tyr-containing dipeptides on the enhancement of brain norepinephrine metabolism in mice by comparing the concentration of 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylethyleneglycol (MHPG). Although Tyr-Tyr administration increased blood and cerebral cortex (Cx) Tyr concentrations the most, Tyr-Trp increased Cx MHPG concentration the most.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIn this study, we identified and characterized a phosphoserine aminotransferase (bmPSAT) from Bombyx mori (B. mori) that is responsible for l-serine biosynthesis. A complementary DNA that encodes bmPSAT was cloned by reverse transcriptase polymerase reaction and sequenced.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAim: Tryptophan hydroxylase 2 (Tph2) is a rate-limiting enzyme for the biosynthesis of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT, serotonin). Previous studies have reported that C1473G polymorphism of the murine Tph2 gene leads to decreased 5-HT levels in the brain and abnormal behavioral phenotypes, such as impaired anxiety- and depression-like behaviors. In this study, to confirm the effect of the C1473G polymorphism on mouse phenotypes, we conducted a comprehensive battery of behavioral tests and measured the amounts of brain free amino acids involved in the production of 5-HT.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe effect of soy and casein peptide intake on the metabolism of amino acids and monoamine neurotransmitters in the serum and brain were examined in C57BL/6 mice. Acute oral administration of soy peptide (0.026 g/30 g body weight) caused a notable increase in tyrosine, a catecholamine precursor, in the serum and cerebral cortex, whereas casein peptide administration at the same dose led to an increase in tyrosine in the serum, but not in the cerebral cortex.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnvironmental factors during early life stages affect behavioral and physiological phenotypes in adulthood. We examined the effect of photoperiods during development on neurogenesis and affective behaviors during adolescence/adulthood using C57BL/6J mice. Mice were born and raised until weaning under long-day conditions (LDs) or short-day conditions (SDs), followed by a 12L12D cycle until adulthood.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTo examine whether edible peptide intake affects neurotransmitter metabolism in the brain, we evaluated the effect of peptides derived from soy proteins or fish collagen on free amino acids and monoamines in the mouse brain. Ingestion of soy peptides led to markedly higher levels of tyrosine, a catecholamine precursor, in the serum, and cerebral cortex compared to those following ingestion of vehicle alone or collagen peptides. Soy peptide ingestion also effectively increased 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylethyleneglycol and normetanephrine, the principal metabolites of noradrenaline, in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and brainstem, whereas collagen peptides did not exert such effects.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCatecholamine synthesis and transmission in the brain are influenced by the availability of Tyr in the body. In this study, we compared the effects of oral administration of Tyr-containing dipeptides Ile-Tyr, Ser-Tyr, and Tyr-Pro with Tyr alone on catecholamine metabolism in the mouse brainstem. Among these dipeptides, Ile-Tyr administration led to increases in dopamine, the dopamine metabolites homovanillic acid, and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, compared to administration of Ser-Tyr, Tyr-Pro, or Tyr alone.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIn this study, we examined the effect of orally administrated dipeptides containing Tyr (Y) on the metabolism of catecholamines in mouse brains. We found that among eight synthetic dipeptides whose sequences are present frequently in soy proteins, Ser-Tyr (SY), Ile-Tyr, and Tyr-Pro had the highest apparent permeability coefficients in monolayers of human intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cells. When administrated orally, SY markedly increased tyrosine content in the cerebral cortex compared to the vehicle control, Ile-Tyr, Tyr-Pro, and Y alone.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNot only increasing body carbohydrate (CHO) stores before exercise but also suppressing CHO oxidation during exercise is important for improving endurance performance. We tested the hypothesis that intensive high-fat ingestion in the early stage of recovery from exercise training (ET) for 2 d would suppress CHO oxidation during exercise by increasing whole body lipolysis and/or fat oxidation. In a randomized crossover design, on days 1 and 2, six male subjects performed cycle ET at 50% peak oxygen consumption (VO(2 peak)) for 60-90 min, and consumed a control diet (CON: 1,224 kcal, 55% carbohydrate, 30% fat) or the same diet supplemented with high fat (HF: 1,974 kcal, 34% carbohydrate, 56% fat) 1 h after ET, with the diet other than post-ET similar in both trials.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWe report a rare case of chordoma which was found as a well-circumscribed lesion on chest X-ray films without any symptoms, and removed surgically. According to immunohistochemical examination, it has both of epithelial and mesenchymal cell nature, with characteristically positivestaining of S-100. Therefore, it was diagnosed as a lung metastasis of chordoma.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWe examined whether protein-carbohydrate (CHO) supplementation immediately after exercise each day during aerobic training facilitated plasma volume (PV) expansion and thermoregulatory and cardiovascular adaptations in older men. Fourteen moderately active older men [68 +/- 5 (SD) yr] were divided into two groups so as to have no significant differences in anthropometric measures, PV, and peak oxygen consumption rate (Vo(2peak)). Each group was provided with a mixture of protein and CHO (3.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThis study examined whether increased plasma volume (PV) and albumin content (Alb(cont)) in plasma for 23 h after exercise were attenuated in older subjects compared with in young adult subjects, and if this attenuation abated by supplementation with protein and carbohydrate (CHO) immediately after exercise. Eight moderately active older (approximately 68 yr) and 8 young (approximately 21 yr) men performed two trials: control (CNT) and Pro-CHO in which subjects consumed placebo (0.5 kcal, 0 g protein, 0.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe aim of the present study was to determine whether the antiobesity effects of tea catechins (TCs) are associated with the expression of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) in brown adipose tissue (BAT). Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a high-fat (HF; 35% fat) diet for 5 weeks, then divided into four groups and fed an HF, HF with 0.5% TC (HFTC), normal-fat (NF; 5% fat) or NF with 0.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWe examined the hypothesis that elevation of the body core temperature threshold for forearm skin vasodilation (TH(FVC)) with increased exercise intensity is partially caused by concomitantly increased plasma osmolality (P(osmol)). Eight young male subjects, wearing a body suit perfused with warm water to maintain the mean skin temperature at 34 +/- 1 degree C (ranges), performed 20-min cycle-ergometer exercise at 30% peak aerobic power (VO2(peak)) under isoosmotic conditions (C), and at 65% VO2(peak) under isoosmotic (H(EX)I(OS)) and hypoosmotic (H(EX)L(OS)) conditions. In H(EX)L(OS), hypoosmolality was attained by hypotonic saline infusion with DDAVP, a V2 agonist, before exercise.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIt is well known that hyperosmolality suppresses thermoregulatory responses and that plasma osmolality (P(osmol)) increases with exercise intensity. We examined whether the decreased esophageal temperature thresholds for cutaneous vasodilation (TH(FVC)) and sweating (TH(SR)) after 10-day endurance training (ET) are caused by either attenuated increase in P(osmol) at a given exercise intensity or blunted sensitivity of hyperosmotic suppression. Nine young male volunteers exercised on a cycle ergometer at 60% peak oxygen consumption rate (V(O2 peak)) for 1 h/day for 10 days at 30 degrees C.
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