Whole-bladder Radiation Therapy for Lymph Node-negative Bladder Cancer With Muscle Invasion in Elderly Patients.

Background: The Japanese bladder cancer treatment guidelines recommend concurrent chemoradiotherapy, including wide pelvic irradiation. Many elderly patients, however, cannot tolerate standard treatment because of low performance status. Therefore, to reduce complications, elderly patients sometimes receive radiation therapy without elective nodal irradiation or chemotherapy.

Association between maternal blood cadmium and lead concentrations and gestational diabetes mellitus in the Japan Environment and Children's Study.

Purpose: To examine the association between elevated blood cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) concentrations and increased risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).

Methods: This cross-sectional study included pregnant women (n = 16,955) enrolled in the Japan Environment and Children's Study. Concentrations of Cd and Pb in blood samples collected at 22-28 weeks' gestation were measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.