[Case of a Pleomorphic Carcinoma Successfully Treated with Nivolumab and Ipilimumab].

A 70-year-old man was referred to our hospital for an abnormal chest X-ray shadow. A chest CT scan showed a mass shadow with a cavitary lesion in segment 6 of the right lung. One year after radical resection(resection of the lower lobe of the right lung; pT2aN0M0, pStage ⅠB), the patient exhibited enlarged mediastinal lymph nodes and liver metastases, and postoperative recurrence was determined.

Comprehensive serum biomarker analysis reveals IL-8 changes as the only predictor of the effectiveness of immune checkpoint inhibitors for patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer.

Objectives: Programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression is widely used to predict the effectiveness of PD-(L)1 inhibitors despite its imperfection. Previous studies suggested the utilization of various serum biomarkers; nonetheless, findings are inconclusive because of limited sample sizes or the focus on a single biomarker in many of these studies. This study analyzed multiplex serum biomarkers to explore their predictive ability in a large cohort of patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with a PD-L1 inhibitor in a real-world setting.

Successful surgical treatment for primary cardiac angiosarcoma: a case report.

Background: Primary cardiac angiosarcomas are extremely rare and their prognosis is poor. Surgical resection is the first-line treatment; however, no clear standard of care has been clearly established because of the rarity of these tumors.

Case Presentation: A 61-year-old man who had presented with dyspnea on exertion was referred to our hospital.

Trial Protocol of a Phase II Study of mFOLFOXIRI after Metastasectomy in Patients with Oligometastatic Colorectal Cancer (FANTASTIC Study).

Background: The survival benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy after surgical resection of oligometastases from colorectal cancer (CRC) remains unclear. The prognostic role of circulating-tumor DNA (ctDNA) was reported recently and a risk stratification strategy based on monitoring minimal/molecular residual disease (MRD) has been proposed, however, which drug regimen is most effective for ctDNA-positive patients is unknown.

Methods/design: Oligometastatic CRC patients planning to undergo surgery were registered in this study.

Monitoring ctDNA RAS Mutational Status in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: A Trial Protocol of RAS-trace and RAS-trace-2 Studies.

Background: Spatial and temporal heterogeneities of RAS and other molecular genes should be considered in the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) treated with anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) monoclonal antibodies (mAbs); acquired RAS mutation is sometimes observed at disease progression of treatment with the anti-EGFR mAb. At the same time, discrepancy of RAS status from tissues and circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in the same patient is sometimes observed. Based on this, we commenced two observational studies to clarify these heterogeneities of RAS and BRAF in mCRC, using next generation sequencing from liquid biopsy.

LET Dependence of 8-Hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) Generation in Mammalian Cells under Air-Saturated and Hypoxic Conditions: A Possible Experimental Approach to the Mechanism of the Decreasing Oxygen Effect in the High-LET Region.

One of the most distinguished features in biological effects of heavy ions would be the decrease of oxygen effect in the high-LET region. This feature has been referred to as the radiobiological basis for the control of hypoxic fraction in cancer radiotherapy. However, mechanisms to explain this phenomenon have not been fully understood.

Factors influencing the development of infantile traumatic brain injury with a biphasic clinical course and late reduced diffusion.

Background: Infantile traumatic brain injury (TBI) with a biphasic clinical course and late reduced diffusion (TBIRD) has been reported as a type of TBI. However, it remains uncertain which pediatric patients with TBI develop TBIRD.

Methods: Patients with TBI who were admitted to our hospital and underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) between December 2006 and October 2022 were included in this study.

Role of phosphate transporter PiT-2 in the pathogenesis of primary brain calcification.

Primary brain calcification (PBC), also known as idiopathic basal ganglia calcification (IBGC), primary familial brain calcification (PFBC) and so on, is a rare intractable disease characterized by abnormal mineral deposits, including mostly calcium in the basal ganglia, thalamus, and cerebellum. The causative gene of familial PBC is SLC20A2, which encodes the phosphate transporter PiT-2. Despite this knowledge, the molecular mechanism underlying SLC20A2-associated PBC remains unclear.

A Possibility for Quantitative Detection of Mechanically-Induced Invisible Damage by Thermal Property Measurement via Entropy Generation for a Polymer Material.

Entropy generation from a mechanical and thermal perspective are quantitatively compared via molecular dynamic (MD) simulations and mechanical and thermal experiments. The entropy generation values regarding mechanical tensile loading-which causes invisible damage-of the Polyamide 6 (PA6) material are discussed in this study. The entropy values measured mechanically and thermally in the MD simulation were similar.

Mental Status and Feasibility of an Intravitreal Ranibizumab Treat-and-Extend Regimen in Patients with Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration.

Introduction: Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy is the first-choice treatment for neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nvAMD); however, patients often are burdened physically, financially, and mentally. We investigated the relationship between mental status and feasibility of an intravitreal ranibizumab treat-and-extend (TAE) regimen for nvAMD.

Methods: In this prospective, multicenter study, 75 patients with nvAMD received ranibizumab intravitreally in a TAE regimen.

PDGF-BB is involved in phosphate regulation via the phosphate transporters in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells.

Inorganic phosphate (Pi) is the second most abundant inorganic ion in the body. Since abnormalities in Pi metabolism are risk factors for various diseases, serum Pi levels are strictly controlled. Type-III sodium-dependent Pi transporters, PiT-1 (encoded by SLC20A1) and PiT-2 (encoded by SLC20A2), are distributed throughout the tissues of the body, including the central nervous system, and are known to be responsible for extracellular to intracellular Pi transport.

Unilateral internal carotid artery absence in trisomy 18.

Background: Internal carotid artery (ICA) absence (agenesis or aplasia) is a rare congenital anomaly that is usually asymptomatic and found coincidentally. There has been no report showing a specific chromosomal abnormality causes ICA absence.

Case Reports: MR angiography in a Japanese male infant with trisomy 18 revealed left ICA absence with the left middle cerebral artery (MCA) and anterior cerebral artery (ACA) supplied from the ipsilateral posterior communicating artery and anterior communicating artery (ACoA), respectively, type A in Lie's classification.

T-hairpin structure found in the RNA element involved in piRNA biogenesis.

PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) repress transposons to protect the germline genome from DNA damage caused by transposon transposition. In , the () mRNA is consumed to produce piRNA in its 3'-UTR. A element located within the 3'-UTR, , is necessary for piRNA biogenesis.

Increased cytokines/chemokines and hyponatremia as a possible cause of clinically mild encephalitis/encephalopathy with a reversible splenial lesion associated with acute focal bacterial nephritis.

Objective: Clinically mild encephalitis/encephalopathy with a reversible splenial lesion (MERS), the second most common encephalopathy syndrome in Japan, is most often associated with viral infection. Bacterial MERS has been rarely reported but is mostly associated with acute focal bacterial nephritis (AFBN) for an unknown reason. We examined cytokines and chemokines in four MERS patients with AFBN to determine if they play an important role in the pathogenesis.

Dose response of a radiophotoluminescent glass dosimeter for TomoTherapy, CyberKnife, and flattening-filter-free linear accelerator output measurements in dosimetry audit.

Purpose: We experimentally determined the radiophotoluminescent glass dosimeter (RPLD) dose responses for TomoTherapy, CyberKnife, and flattening-filter-free (FFF) linear accelerator (linac) outputs for dosimetry audits in Japan.

Methods: A custom-made solid phantom with a narrow central-axis spacing of three RPLD elements was used for output measurement to minimise the dose-gradient effect of the non-flattening filter beams. For RPLD dose estimation, we used the ISO 22127 formalism.

Molecular Dynamics Simulation for Evaluating Fracture Entropy of a Polymer Material under Various Combined Stress States.

Herein, the stress-state dependence of fracture entropy for a polyamide 6 material is investigated through molecular dynamics simulations. Although previous research suggests that a constant entropy increase can be universally applied for the definition of material fracture, the dependence of stress triaxiality has not yet been discussed. In this study, entropy values are evaluated by molecular dynamics simulations with varied combined stress states.

A case report of a gastrobronchial fistula and lung abscess caused by leakage from the staple line of a gastric tube after esophagectomy for esophageal cancer.

Background: Gastrobronchial fistulas are rare, but life-threatening, complications of esophagectomy. They are caused by anastomotic leakage and mainly occur around anastomotic sites. In the present paper, we report a rare case of leakage from the staple line of a gastric tube after esophagectomy for esophageal cancer, which was successfully treated using an intercostal muscle flap and lung resection.

Pharmacokinetics and clinical outcomes of nivolumab administered every 4 weeks in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: A four-case pilot study.

This pilot study evaluated the pharmacokinetics and clinical outcome of nivolumab, administered every 4 weeks to patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. The interval of nivolumab administration was changed from 2 to 4 weeks in four patients in whom tumor growth had been controlled for more than 6 months. Pharmacokinetics and clinical outcomes of nivolumab were prospectively investigated.