Cervical Extradural Arteriovenous Fistula without Intradural Drainage Successfully Treated with Endovascular Treatment Using Both Transvenous and Transarterial Approach: Case Report and Review of Literatures.

The classification of spinal extradural arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) was reported based on a case series treated by microsurgery in 2009 and endovascular interventions in 2011. The present report describes a patient with extradural AVFs at the cervical spine manifesting gradual progressive radiculomyelopathy of bilateral upper extremities. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a mass sign from C1 to C4 at the right ventral side and the spinal cord was deviated to the left and indicated as a flow void sign.

Persistent Primitive Hypoglossal Artery with Ipsilateral Symptomatic Carotid Artery Stenosis and Cerebral Aneurysm.

Objective: Persistent primitive hypoglossal artery (PPHA) is a rare type of persistent carotid-basilar anastomosis sometimes associated with other vascular lesions. We treated an extremely rare case of PPHA with concomitant ipsilateral symptomatic cervical internal carotid artery (ICA) stenosis and unruptured aneurysm.

Case Presentation: A 67-year-old woman visited our institution with acute onset of diplopia.

Full-Endoscopic Transcervical Ventral Decompression for Pathologies of Craniovertebral Junction: Case Series.

Odontoidectomy is very effective for the decompression of the ventral craniovertebral junction (CVJ). Various approaches are available for the direct ventral decompression of the CVJ. Because there are many disadvantages of open transoral approach, endoscopic odontoidectomy was developed.

Clinical outcome and radiological findings after cervical open door laminoplasty with titanium basket.

Object: Cervical laminoplasty, which is well described in the Japanese literature, is the gold standard for decompressing multilevel spinal cord compression. Several spacers have been introduced to provide enough decompression of the spinal canal and reconstruct the stable posterior elements. The purpose of this study was to retrospectively evaluate radiological outcomes after open door laminoplasty using the titanium spacer (Laminoplasty Basket: L-Basket; Ammtec, Tokyo).

The metopic-sagittal craniosynostosis-report of 35 operative cases.

Purpose: We have diagnosed 35 cases of the supposedly rare condition metopic-sagittal synostosis in the past 20 years. Here, we introduce their clinical symptoms, neuroradiological findings, and surgical treatment methods, as well as discuss the relevant literature.

Methods: Subjects included 35 patients (33 boys and 2 girls; mean age 4.

In vitro performance of the fixed and adjustable gravity-assisted unit with and without motion-evidence of motion-induced flow.

Background: Anti-siphon devices and gravitational-assisted valves have been introduced to counteract the effects of overdrainage after implantation of a shunt system. The study examined the flow performance of two gravitational-assisted valves (shunt assistant - SA and programmable shunt assistant - proSA, Miethke & Co. KG, Potsdam, Germany) in an in vitro shunt laboratory with and without motion.

Endoscopic and Microsurgical Treatment of Sylvian Fissure Arachnoid Cysts-Clinical and Radiological Outcome.

Objective: A Sylvian fissure arachnoid cyst (SAC) is a well-recognized location for an intracranial arachnoid cyst in the pediatric population. For those cysts, which can rupture and be accompanied by a subdural hygroma or hematoma, several treatment modalities have been reported. We report clinical and radiological outcome of fenestration of these cysts by either endoscopy or microsurgery.

In vitro performance and principles of anti-siphoning devices.

Background: Anti-siphon devices (ASDs) of various working principles were developed to overcome overdrainage-related complications associated with ventriculoperitoneal shunting.

Objective: We aimed to provide comparative data on the pressure and flow characteristics of six different types of ASDs (gravity-assisted, membrane-controlled, and flow-regulated) in order to achieve a better understanding of these devices and their potential clinical application.

Methods: We analyzed three gravity-dependent ASDs (ShuntAssistant [SA], Miethke; Gravity Compensating Accessory [GCA], Integra; SiphonX [SX], Sophysa), two membrane-controlled ASDs (Anti-Siphon Device [IASD], Integra; Delta Chamber [DC], Medtronic), and one flow-regulated ASD (SiphonGuard [SG], Codman).

Genetic studies of myelomeningocele.

Introduction: Myelomeningocele is one of the major congenital malformations involving the central nervous system. It is caused by a disruption of the neural tube closure, which is completed at 3-4 weeks of gestation.

Discussion: Multidisciplinary approach is necessary to treat and support this malformation which is a huge burden to the patient, family, and the society.