Omega 3 Fatty Acids Attenuate the Acute Kidney Injury to CKD Transition and Renal Fibrosis: Identification of Antifibrotic Metabolites.

Key Points: Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids prevent AKI to CKD transition and renal fibrosis. Eicosapentaenoic acid metabolites 18-hydroxyeicosapentaenoic acid, 17,18-epoxyeicosatetraenoic acid, and 17,18-dihydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid have antifibrotic effects.

Background: AKI is an established risk factor for developing CKD.

Albumin-fused thioredoxin ameliorates high-fat diet-induced non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.

The pathogenesis of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) involves the simultaneous interaction of multiple factors such as lipid accumulation, oxidative stress, and inflammatory response. Here, the effect of human serum albumin (HSA) fused to thioredoxin (Trx) on NASH was investigated. Trx is known to have anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic effects.

Albumin-fused long-acting FGF21 analogue for the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) currently affects about 25% of the world's population, and the numbers continue to rise as the number of obese patients increases. However, there are currently no approved treatments for NAFLD. This study reports on the evaluation of the therapeutic effect of a recombinant human serum albumin-fibroblast growth factor 21 analogue fusion protein (HSA-FGF21) on the pathology of NAFLD that was induced by using two high-fat diets (HFD), HFD-60 and STHD-01.

A phase II trial of perioperative chemotherapy involving a single intraperitoneal administration of paclitaxel followed by sequential S-1 plus intravenous paclitaxel for serosa-positive gastric cancer.

Background And Objectives: We carried out a phase II trial to evaluate the feasibility, efficacy, and tolerability of perioperative chemotherapy including single intraperitoneal(IP) administration of paclitaxel(PTX) followed by intravenous(IV) administrations of PTX with S-1 in a neoadjuvant setting for serosa-positive gastric cancer.

Methods: Patients with cT4a gastric cancer were enrolled. A laparoscopic survey was performed before study inclusion for the confirmation of serosal invasion, negative lavage cytology, and negative peritoneal metastasis.

Association between virtual histology intravascular ultrasound findings and subsequent coronary events in patients with acute coronary syndrome.

Virtual histology intravascular ultrasound (VH-IVUS) was employed to compare coronary plaque characteristics between acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients with and without subsequent coronary events.It is critical to predict subsequent coronary events in patients treated for ACS. Coronary artery events sometimes occur in lesions that do not receive intervention.

The effect of amino acids on the C₁₄-sphingosine-triggered germination of Nomuraea rileyi, and surface amino acids on Spodoptera litura fabricius.

D-erythro-C₁₄-Sphingosine (C₁₄-Sph) accelerated the germination of Nomuraea rileyi in a solution containing peptone, but activity declined to a large degree in water. This suggests the presence of a co-factor in C₁₄-Sph-triggered germination. Since the main role of peptone is to supply nitrogen constituents, we examined the effects of various nitrogen constituents.

Nucleotide-promoted morphogenesis in amphiphile assemblies: kinetic control of micrometric helix formation.

Anionic nucleotides adenosine monophosphate or guanosine monophosphate interact with cationic vesicles, exchange with the counteranions of the amphiphiles in situ, and organize themselves at the membrane surfaces. Such organized nucleotides reciprocally transfer their chirality to membranes of nonchiral amphiphiles to induce the formation of right-handed micrometric helices on the time scale of hours. The kinetics of the nucleotide molecular organization and the formation of supramolecular helices was followed.

Self-assembly of nucleoamphiphiles: investigating nucleosides effect and the mechanism of micrometric helix formation.

A new family of self-assembling systems based on nucleoamphiphiles is described. Nano to micrometric left-handed helix formation in aqueous solution was induced simply by complexing a GMP or an AMP with a nonchiral monocationic amphiphile. The assembling behavior such as micellar formation, monolayer at air-water interface, as well as the aggregates in solution of these nucleoamphiphiles are strongly influenced by the presence of nucleosides in solution.

Effect of antitumor agents on cytotoxicity induction by sodium fluoride.

We have recently found that sodium fluoride (NaF) induced apoptotic cell death in tumor cell lines. We investigated here whether 6 popular antitumor compounds modify the cytotoxic activity of NaF against human squamous cell carcinoma (HSC-2) and human promyelocytic leukemia (HL-60) cell lines. Cytotoxic concentrations of cisplatin, etoposide, doxorubicin or peplomycin (tentatively termed as Group I compounds), but not methotrexate and 5-FU (tentatively termed as Group II compounds), enhanced the cytotoxic activity of NaF.

Effect of antioxidants, oxidants, metals and saliva on cytotoxicity induction by sodium fluoride.

We have recently found that millimolar concentrations of sodium fluoride (NaF) induced apoptotic cell death, characterized by caspase activation and DNA fragmentation, in tumor cell lines. This finding paved the way to investigating the interaction between NaF and the oral environment. As an initial step, we investigated redox compounds, metals and saliva, which may modify the cytotoxic activity of NaF against a human oral squamous cell carcinoma cell line (HSC-2).

Diverse biological activities of fermented pine seed shell extract.

Intraperitoneal administration of fermented pine seed shell extract (PSSE) (up to 2 g/kg) induced no apparent acute toxicity to mice. Pretreatment of mice with PSSE protected them from the lethality of Escherichia coli infection. PSSE showed a very weak cytotoxic activity against both normal and tumor cells and no anti-HIV activity, but stimulated the mouse macrophage-like Raw 264.