Simultaneous quantification of urea, uric acid, and creatinine in human urine by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry.

In forensic analysis, the identification of urine or human urine among unknown liquids plays an important role. Urea, uric acid, and creatinine are major organic compounds found in human urine. Previous studies have reported that the concentration quotients of these three compounds can be used as an index for the identification of human urine.

Non-hybridization single nucleotide polymorphism detection and genotyping assay through direct discrimination of single base mutation by capillary electrophoretic separation of single-stranded DNA.

The significant demands for single nucleotide polymorphism detection and genotyping assays have grown. Most common assays are based on the recognition of the target sequence by the hybridization with its specific probe having the complementary sequence of the target. Herein, a simple, label-free, and economical non-hybridization assay was developed for single nucleotide polymorphism detection and genotyping, based on the direct discrimination of single base mutation by simple capillary electrophoresis separation for single-stranded DNA in an acidic electrophoretic buffer solution containing urea.

Separation of single-base sequential isomers of single-stranded DNA by capillary electrophoresis and its application in the discrimination of single-base DNA mutations.

Separation of single-base substitution sequential DNA isomers remains one of the most challenging tasks in DNA separation by capillary electrophoresis. We developed a simple, versatile capillary electrophoresis technique for the separation of single-base sequential isomers of DNA having the same chain length. This technique is based on charge differences resulting from the different protonation (acid dissociation) properties of the four DNA bases.

Color Change of Sudan III against Concentrated Sulfuric Acid in Acetonitrile and Quantification for a Small Amount of Concentrated Sulfuric Acid.

The color-changing phenomenon of hydrophobic bisazo dye, Sudan III in an acetonitrile solution against the addition of concentrated sulfuric acid has been discovered and the chromic properties investigated. Based on observations, a novel quantification method of concentrated sulfuric acid has been developed. Sudan III changes its color from orange to blue against a small volume of sulfuric acid, and the acetonitrile solution of Sudan III is the most suitable for observing the color-change phenomenon.

Development of a novel optical sensing method for acid solution using Oil Red O supported by florisil.

A novel field sensing method for concentrated acid solutions was developed. The sensor is composed of a dye, Oil Red O, and florisil as a support for the dye. When the dye is supported on the florisil surface, its color change properties against the acid solution drastically changes compared to in solution, and the sensor is applicable to sensing for acids of relatively low concentration.

Pooled model-based approach to compare the pharmacokinetics of entecavir between Japanese and non-Japanese chronic hepatitis B patients.

This study evaluated the population pharmacokinetics (PK) of entecavir in Japanese patients with chronic hepatitis B infection enrolled in 2 Japanese phase IIb clinical trials and compared them to non-Japanese patients enrolled in global phase II trials. The objectives were to identify significant and clinically meaningful covariate effects on entecavir population pharmacokinetic parameters and assess whether differences exist between Japanese and non-Japanese patients. A total of 843 observations were obtained from 142 patients who received once daily administration of entecavir at 0.

Separation of oligonucleotides with single-base mutation by capillary electrophoresis using specific interaction of metal ion with nucleotide.

A unique tactic for the separation of single-base sequential isomers of oligomeric single-stranded DNA by a CE separation system employing the specific interaction of metal ion with nucleotide was demonstrated, enabling the separation of the mixture of a 12-mer oligonucleotide and its single-base mutants, as well as their positional isomers.