Publications by authors named "Takanobu Hoshi"
Background/aim: Recent lung cancer treatments include an immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) pembrolizumab, platinum-based agents, plus an additional cytotoxic anticancer agent. Nutritional indices, such as the geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI) and the prognostic nutritional index (PNI), are known to correlate with the prognosis of cancer chemotherapy. Several previous studies have investigated the relationship between PNI and treatment response in non-small cell lung cancer patients, reporting significantly increased OS and PFS in the high PNI group before treatment.
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- Carbapenems, like meropenem (MEPM), are often used against ESBL-producing bacteria, and the study focuses on the effectiveness of cefmetazole (CMZ) for treating ESBL-EC bacteremia.
- The research analyzed inpatients with ESBL-EC from 2018 to 2023 and compared their recovery times across four treatment groups: CMZ, MEPM, de-escalation to CMZ, and escalation to MEPM.
- Findings indicated that while there was no significant difference in overall recovery time, CMZ showed a tendency for longer recovery compared to MEPM, particularly underscoring the importance of initial treatment choices.
Article Synopsis
- The study examined how the Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI) affects the occurrence of immune-related adverse events (ir-AE) and treatment duration in lung cancer patients undergoing immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy.
- It involved 127 patients, divided into High-GNRI (≥92) and Low-GNRI (<92) groups, and found that the High-GNRI group had a longer time to treatment failure (median TTF of 5.1 months vs. 2.3 months).
- Additionally, patients in the High-GNRI group experienced significantly more skin-related side effects, which may have influenced their overall treatment outcomes.
Article Synopsis
- The study aimed to understand how blood levels of Osimertinib affect treatment continuation in patients with EGFR mutation-positive lung cancer.
- It analyzed data from 56 patients and found that higher drug levels correlate with improved progression-free survival (PFS) but did not significantly impact overall treatment efficacy.
- The research concluded that lower serum albumin levels were linked to shorter PFS, potentially influenced by factors like inflammation and liver function in cancer patients.
Background/aim: Vancomycin (VCM) is an antibiotic widely used in the treatment of resistant bacteria. In patients with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection, the clinical outcome differs according to the VCM minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of isolates. However, the effect of VCM MIC on the clinical outcome is unclear for bacterial species other than MRSA.
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- Alectinib is a treatment for non-small cell lung cancer, but early discontinuation due to disease progression and side effects has been observed in real-world cases, especially in patients with low serum albumin levels.
- This study analyzed 56 patients treated with alectinib, finding that those with a serum albumin level below 3.6 g/dl faced a significantly higher risk of treatment discontinuation and shorter time-to-treatment failure (TTF) compared to those with higher albumin levels.
- The results highlight the importance of measuring serum albumin levels before starting alectinib, as low levels are linked to poorer treatment outcomes in cancer patients.