Laparoscopic adrenalectomy for adrenal tumors with endocrine activity: Perioperative management pathways for reduced complications and improved outcomes.

The major adrenal tumors with endocrine activity are primary aldosteronism, Cushing's syndrome/mild autonomous cortisol secretion, and pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma. Excessive aldosterone secretion in primary aldosteronism causes cardiovascular, renal, and other organ damage in addition to hypertension and hypokalemia. Cortisol hypersecretion in Cushing's syndrome/mild autonomous cortisol secretion causes obesity, hypertension, impaired glucose tolerance, and cardiometabolic syndrome.

Risk assessment of multi-factorial complications after transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy: a single institutional retrospective cohort study.

Background: Transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy (TRUSPB) is widely used to diagnose prostate cancer (PCa). The aim of this study was to evaluate the risk of multi-factorial complications (febrile genitourinary tract infection (GUTI), rectal bleeding, and urinary retention) after TRUSPB.

Methods: N = 2053 patients were Japanese patients undergoing transrectal or transperineal TRUSPB for suspicious of PCa.

[SIGNIFICANCE OF IgG4 IN IDIOPATHIC RETROPERITONEAL FIBROSIS].

(Objective)Retroperitoneal fibrosis is largely divided into the idiopathic and secondary types. Some idiopathic cases include IgG4-related diseases, which are often similar to malignant diseases, such as lymphoma and sarcoma. The diagnostic criteria for IgG4-related disease are used and pathologic examination is necessary for a definitive diagnosis of IgG4-related retroperitoneal fibrosis.

Reversible Dimerization and Polymerization of a Janus Diradical To Produce Labile C-C Bonds and Large Chromic Effects.

Conducting polymers can be synthesized by irreversible diradical monomer polymerization. A reversible version of this reaction consisting of the formation/dissociation of σ-dimers and σ-polymers from a stable quinonoidal diradical precursor is described. The reaction reversibility is made by a quinonoidal molecule which changes its structure to an aromatic species by forming weak and long intermolecular C-C single bonds.

Efficient and selective formation of unsaturated carboxylic and phenylacetic acids from diketene.

A nickel catalyst promotes the multicomponent coupling reaction of diketene, an alkyne, and Me2Zn to provide 3-methylene-4-hexenoic acids in excellent yields. Under similar conditions, the combination of the nickel catalyst and Et2Al(OEt) promotes a cycloaddition reaction involving dimerization of an alkyne to furnish phenylacetic acids. In the presence of PPh3, a formal [2+2+1+1] cycloaddition reaction proceeds to afford regioisomeric phenylacetic acids via cleavage of the C=C bond.

Ni-catalyzed homoallylation of polyhydroxy n,o-acetals with conjugated dienes promoted by triethylborane.

In the presence of Ni-catalyst and triethylborane, N,O-acetals prepared from glycolaldehyde and glyceraldehyde with primary amines in situ underwent homoallylation with conjugated dienes to provide 2-amino-5-hexenols in high regio- and stereoselectivity. Under similar reaction conditions, N,O-acetals from carbohydrates with primary amines provided the corresponding polyhydroxy-bishomoallylamines in good to reasonable yields.

Organic semiconductors based on [1]benzothieno[3,2-b][1]benzothiophene substructure.

The design, synthesis, and characterization of organic semiconductors applicable to organic electronic devices, such as organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) and organic photovoltaics (OPVs), had been one of the most important topics in materials chemistry in the past decade. Among the vast number of materials developed, much expectation had been placed on thienoacenes, which are rigid and planar structures formed by fusing thiophenes and other aromatic rings, as a promising candidate for organic semiconductors for high-performance OFETs. However, the thienoacenes examined as an active material in OFETs in the 1990s afforded OFETs with only moderate hole mobilities (approximately 0.

Quinoidal naphtho[1,2-b:5,6-b']dithiophenes for solution-processed n-channel organic field-effect transistors.

A series of new quinoidal naphthodithiophenes, 2,7-bis(α,α-dicyanomethylene)-2,7-dihydronaphtho[1,2-b:5,6-b']dithiophenes, in which all the four fused aromatic rings are incorporated into the quinoidal system, were synthesized and evaluated as an n-channel organic semiconductor. Solution-processed field-effect transistors exhibited typical n-channel transistor characteristics with the mobility as high as 0.1 cm(2) V(-1) s(-1), which is higher by more than 1 order of magnitude than those reported for isomeric quinoidal naphthodithiophenes having a naphthoquinoidal structure.

Dithiophene-Fused Tetracyanonaphthoquinodimethanes (DT-TNAPs): synthesis and characterization of π-extended quinoidal compounds for n-channel organic semiconductor.

Dithiophene-fused tetracyanonaphthoquinodimethanes (DTTNAPs) were synthesized and evaluated as n-channel organic semiconductors. DTTNAPs, regardless of isomeric structures and substituents, have low-lying LUMO energy levels (∼4.6 eV below the vacuum level), suitable for stable n-channel field-effect transistors (FETs) under ambient conditions.

Consecutive thiophene-annulation approach to π-extended thienoacene-based organic semiconductors with [1]benzothieno[3,2-b][1]benzothiophene (BTBT) substructure.

We describe a new synthetic route to the [1]benzothieno[3,2-b][1]benzothiophene (BTBT) substructure featuring two consecutive thiophene-annulation reactions from o-ethynyl-thioanisole substrates and arylsulfenyl chloride reagents that can be easily derived from arylthiols. The method is particularly suitable for the synthesis of unsymmetrical derivatives, e.g.

Largely π-extended thienoacenes with internal thieno[3,2-b]thiophene substructures: synthesis, characterization, and organic field-effect transistor applications.

Two largely π-extended thienoacenes with internal thieno[3,2-b]thiophene substructures, i.e., bis[1]benzothieno[2,3-d;2',3'-d']benzo[1,2-b;4,5-b']dithiophene (BBTBDT) and bis(naphtho[2,3-b]thieno)[2,3-d;2',3'-d']benzo[1,2-b;4,5-b']dithiophene (BNTBDT), were synthesized, characterized, and evaluated as an active layer in thin-film organic field-effect transistors.

Stereoselective coupling reaction of dimethylzinc and alkyne toward nickelacycles.

Ni catalyst promotes the three-component coupling reaction of vinyloxacyclopropane, alkyne, and dimethylzinc to provide 2,5-heptadienyl alcohol in high yields. Vinylcyclopropane also participates in a similar three-component coupling reaction to afford dimethyl (α-heptadienyl)malonate with excellent E-stereoselectivity.