High frequency of Bob1 T follicular helper cells in florid reactive follicular hyperplasia.

Florid reactive follicular hyperplasia (FRFH), which is characterized by large germinal centers (GCs) within normal lymphoid follicles, is often observed in benign lesions of lymph nodes and other tissues. Because of the histologic similarity of FRFH to tumorous lesions such as follicular lymphoma, careful pathological examination is required to evaluate such lesions; however, little is known about the mechanism underlying the development of FRFH. In this study, we investigated T follicular helper (Tfh) cells in hyperplastic tonsils of patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSA), which frequently exhibits typical FRFH.

Effects of elevated pCO2 on reproductive properties of the benthic copepod Tigriopus japonicus and gastropod Babylonia japonica.

We investigated the effects of elevated pCO2 in seawater both on the acute mortality and the reproductive properties of the benthic copepod Tigriopus japonicus and gastropod Babylonia japonica with the purpose of accumulating basic data for assessing potential environmental impacts of sub-sea geological storage of anthropogenic CO2 in Japan. Acute tests showed that nauplii of T. japonicus have a high tolerance to elevated pCO2 environments.