Human villous trophoblasts express and secrete placenta-specific microRNAs into maternal circulation via exosomes.

In this study, we performed small RNA library sequencing using human placental tissues to identify placenta-specific miRNAs. We also tested the hypothesis that human chorionic villi could secrete miRNAs extracellularly via exosomes, which in turn enter into maternal circulation. By small RNA library sequencing, most placenta-specific miRNAs (e.

Two distinct pathways of p16 gene inactivation in gallbladder cancer.

Aim: To examine the mechanism of inactivation of the p16 gene in gallbladder cancer, and to investigate p16 alterations and their correlation with clinicopathological features.

Methods: Specimens were collected surgically from 51 patients with gallbladder cancer. We evaluated the status of protein expression, loss of heterozygosity (LOH), homozygous deletion and promoter hypermethylation using immunohistochemistry, microsatellite analysis, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and methylation-specific PCR, respectively.

Transcriptome profile of Trypanosoma cruzi-infected cells: simultaneous up- and down-regulation of proliferation inhibitors and promoters.

As Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiological agent of Chagas disease, multiplies in the cytoplasm of nucleated host cells, infection with this parasite is highly likely to affect host cells. We performed an exhaustive transcriptome analysis of T. cruzi-infected HeLa cells using an oligonucleotide microarray containing probes for greater than 47,000 human gene transcripts.

Gene expression profile in diabetic KK/Ta mice.

Background: To identify susceptibility genes for diabetic nephropathy, GeneChip Expression Analysis was employed to survey the gene expression profile of diabetic KK/Ta mouse kidneys.

Methods: Kidneys from three KK/Ta and two BALB/c mice at 20 weeks of age were dissected. Total RNA was extracted and labeled for hybridizing to the Affymetrix Murine Genome U74Av2 array.