Chronic nasal inflammation early in life induces transient and long-term dysbiosis of gut microbiota in mice.

The gut microbiota begins to colonize the host body following birth, develops during the suckling period and changes to the adult type after weaning. The early gut microbiota during the suckling period is thought to have profound effects on the host physiology throughout life but it is still unclear whether early dysbiosis is retained lifelong. Our previous study indicated that chronic nasal inflammation induces dysbiosis of gut microbiota in adult mice.

Differential impact of environmental factors on airborne live bacteria and inorganic particles in an underground walkway.

We previously reported that variations in the number and type of bacteria found in public spaces are influenced by environmental factors. However, based on field survey data alone, whether the dynamics of bacteria in the air change as a result of a single environmental factor or multiple factors working together remains unclear. To address this, mathematical modeling may be applied.

Antimicrobial-resistant Helicobacter pylori in Japan: Report of nationwide surveillance for 2018-2020.

Background: Antimicrobial therapy is necessary to eradicate Helicobacter pylori infection. The emergence of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria poses a threat to continued treatment with antimicrobial agents. For those who prescribe antimicrobial therapy, it is necessary to constantly monitor the emergence of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria.

Establishment of a reference panel of Helicobacter pylori strains for antimicrobial susceptibility testing.

Background: Eradication treatment for Helicobacter pylori gastritis is covered by national health insurance since 2013 in Japan. However, eradication failure due to the increase of antimicrobial resistance has become a serious problem. The present study aims to establish a reference panel of Japanese H.

Prevalence estimates of Helicobacter species infection in pancreatic and biliary tract cancers.

Background: Helicobacter pylori infection is a well-established risk factor for gastric cancer and has been linked to other gastrointestinal diseases, including pancreatic and biliary tract cancers; however, the relevance of enterohepatic non-H. pylori helicobacters to the pathophysiology of these diseases remains unclear.

Materials And Methods: We estimated the prevalence of two enterohepatic non-H.

Lantibiotics Produced by Oral Inhabitants as a Trigger for Dysbiosis of Human Intestinal Microbiota.

Lantibiotics are a type of bacteriocin produced by Gram-positive bacteria and have a wide spectrum of Gram-positive antimicrobial activity. In this study, we determined that Mutacin I/III and Smb (a dipeptide lantibiotic), which are mainly produced by the widespread cariogenic bacterium , have strong antimicrobial activities against many of the Gram-positive bacteria which constitute the intestinal microbiota. These lantibiotics also demonstrate resistance to acid and temperature.

Isolation and characterization of from human stomach.

, a bacterial species naturally hosted by pigs, can colonize the human stomach in the context of gastric diseases such as gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma. Because has been successfully isolated from pigs, but not from humans, evidence linking human infection to gastric diseases has remained incomplete. In this study, we successfully in vitro cultured directly from human stomachs.

Sex-dependent differences in the gut microbiota following chronic nasal inflammation in adult mice.

A growing body of evidence suggests a relationship between olfactory dysfunction and the pathogenesis of mental disorders. Our previous studies indicated that chronic nasal inflammation caused loss of olfactory sensory neurons and gross atrophy of the olfactory bulb, which may lead to olfactory dysfunction. Simultaneously, increasing numbers of reports have elucidated the importance of gut microbiota to maintain brain function and that dysbiosis may be associated with neuropsychiatric disorders.

Genome-wide association meta-analysis identifies GP2 gene risk variants for pancreatic cancer.

Pancreatic cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths in Japan. To identify risk loci, we perform a meta-analysis of three genome-wide association studies comprising 2,039 pancreatic cancer patients and 32,592 controls in the Japanese population. Here, we identify 3 (13q12.

Acanthamoeba castellanii supports extracellular survival of Helicobacter pylori in co-culture.

This study aimed to demonstrate whether Helicobacter pylori is able to survive in co-culture with a protozoan, Acanthamoeba castellanii, in order to further investigate a possible aqueous environmental mode of transmission. Numbers of H. pylori in co-culture with A castellanii were assessed by colony forming unit (CFU) assay and cell morphology was observed by electron microscopy.

Analysis of the colonic mucosa associated microbiota (MAM) using brushing samples during colonic endoscopic procedures.

The mucosa-associated microbiota is an important component in human microbiota. The aim was to investigate mucosa-associated microbiota using brush samples during endoscopic procedures and compare with fecal microbiota. Seven patients who were planning to undergo a routine colonoscopy were recruited.

Effect of Helicobacter pylori biofilm formation on susceptibility to amoxicillin, metronidazole and clarithromycin.

The human gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori forms biofilms in vitro and in vivo. We previously demonstrated that H. pylori biofilm formation in vitro decreased its susceptibility to clarithromycin (CAM).

Role of Probiotics in Eradication Therapy for Helicobacter pylori Infection.

Probiotics are defined as, "Live microorganisms that, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit on the host", and have various effects including inhibitory capabilities on pathogens, stimulation of organ functions and activation of immune responses in the human. Probiotics were reported to inhibit Helicobacter pylori not only in vitro, but also in vivo studies. The mechanisms by which probiotics inhibit H.

Enhanced infectivity of strains of Helicobacter pylori isolated from children compared with parental strains.

Purpose: Intra-familial infection, mother-to-child infection, is considered to be one of the main routes of transmission for Helicobacter pylori, in developed countries such as Japan. A major role for intra-familial spread in the pathogenicity of H. pylori is now beyond controversy, although the major route of transmission remains poorly understood.

Serum Pepsinogen Values in Japanese Junior High School Students With Reference to Helicobacter Pylori Infection.

Background: Distributions of serum pepsinogen (PG) values were assessed in Helicobacter pylori-infected and non-infected junior high school students (aged 12-15 years) in Japan.

Methods: All junior high school students (1,225 in total) in Sasayama city, who were basically healthy, were asked to provide urine and serum samples, which were used to measure urine and serum H. pylori antibodies using ELISA kits and PG values.

Establishment of an Endogenous Rat Infection Model and Evaluation of the Effects of MIYAIRI 588 Probiotic Strain.

is well known as an agent responsible for pseudomembranous colitis and antibiotic-associated diarrhea. The hamster model utilizing an oral route for infection of has been considered to be the standard model for analysis of infection (CDI) but this model exhibits differences to human CDI, most notably as most hamsters die without exhibiting diarrhea. Therefore, we attempted to develop a new non-lethal and diarrheal rat CDI model caused by endogenous using metronidazole (MNZ) and egg white.

Influence of Intestinal Indigenous Microbiota on Intrafamilial Infection by in Japan.

is a causative pathogen of chronic gastritis, gastric ulcer disease, and gastric cancer. Humans are known to be a natural host for and tend to acquire the pathogen before the age of 5 years. The infection may then persist lifelong if eradication therapy is not applied.

Walker occupancy has an impact on changing airborne bacterial communities in an underground pedestrian space, as small-dust particles increased with raising both temperature and humidity.

Although human occupancy is a source of airborne bacteria, the role of walkers on bacterial communities in built environments is poorly understood. Therefore, we visualized the impact of walker occupancy combined with other factors (temperature, humidity, atmospheric pressure, dust particles) on airborne bacterial features in the Sapporo underground pedestrian space in Sapporo, Japan. Air samples (n = 18; 4,800L/each sample) were collected at 8:00 h to 20:00 h on 3 days (regular sampling) and at early morning / late night (5:50 h to 7:50 h / 22:15 h to 24:45 h) on a day (baseline sampling), and the number of CFUs (colony forming units) OTUs (operational taxonomic units) and other factors were determined.

Helicobacter pylori sabA gene is associated with iron deficiency anemia in childhood and adolescence.

Background: Gastric Helicobacter pylori colonization leads to iron deficiency anemia (IDA), especially in children and adolescents. However the pathogenesis is poorly understood.

Objective: We sought to identify specific H.

Usefulness of detection of clarithromycin-resistant Helicobacter pylori from fecal specimens for young adults treated with eradication therapy.

Background: To prevent Helicobacter pylori infection in the younger generation, it is necessary to investigate the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant H. pylori.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the method of PCR-based sequencing to detect clarithromycin (CAM) resistance-associated mutations using fecal samples as a noninvasive method.

Diversification of the AlpB Outer Membrane Protein of Helicobacter pylori Affects Biofilm Formation and Cellular Adhesion.

is one of the most common causes of bacterial infection in humans, and it forms biofilms on human gastric mucosal epithelium as well as on abiotic surfaces. Bacterial biofilm is critical not only for environmental survival but also for successful infection. We previously demonstrated that strain TK1402, which was isolated from a Japanese patient with duodenal and gastric ulcers, has high biofilm-forming ability relative to other strains.

Nationwide survey of Helicobacter pylori treatment for children and adolescents in Japan.

Background: To prevent gastric cancer, a test-and-treat strategy for Helicobacter pylori has been proposed. This retrospective study assessed the clinical features, efficacy and safety of treatment for H. pylori infection in children and adolescents.