Laryngeal osteosarcoma: case report and literature review.

Background: Sarcomas of the larynx are uncommon tumors, and osteosarcoma is the rarest. Only 24 cases of osteosarcoma of the larynx have been reported. The only case reported in Asia was from Thailand in 1981.

Reconstruction of an object from its noisy Fourier modulus: ideal estimate of the object to be reconstructed and a method that attempts to find that estimate.

In general, the problem of reconstructing an object from its Fourier modulus has no solution when the Fourier modulus is contaminated by noise. Therefore a quasi solution, which we call the ideal estimate of the object to be reconstructed, is defined here based on the concept of territories of the convergence objects of the error-reduction algorithm, and a method that attempts to find that solution is presented. Keeping in mind that the ideal estimate is one of the output-stagnation objects of the hybrid input-output algorithm, we modify the hybrid input-output algorithm so that the output-stagnation objects can be located even when the value of the feedback parameter is not infinitesimally small, and this modified algorithm is combined with the hybrid input-output algorithm itself.

Algebraic reconstruction of a small-scale wave front.

We show that a small-scale wave front can be reconstructed by an algebraic procedure from its intensity distribution in the focal plane, except for the ambiguities of the piston phase and the point-symmetrical solution of the complex conjugate. Details of the reconstruction procedure for a 3 x 3 wave front are presented, and the effectiveness of this procedure for a contaminated case is shown by computer simulation. A method for overcoming the ambiguity problem resulting from the point-symmetrical solution is also suggested.

Reconstruction of an object from its Fourier modulus: development of the combination algorithm composed of the hybrid input-output algorithm and its converging part.

The hybrid input-output algorithm (HIO) used for phase retrieval is in many cases combined with the error-reduction algorithm (ER) to attempt to stabilize the HIO. However, in our previous paper [J. Opt.