Intracerebral hemorrhage due to vasculitis following COVID-19 vaccination: a case report.

Several vaccines have been approved worldwide for the prevention of morbidity and mortality against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, the development of these vaccines has raised concerns regarding their adverse effects. Herein, we report the first case of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) due to vasculitis after the first dose of mRNA vaccine (BNT162b2, Pfizer/BioN-Tech).

[Factors Affecting Uncorrected Visual Acuity following Implantation of Apodized Diffractive Intraocular Lenses].

Purpose: To investigate the preoperative factors affecting postoperative uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) equal to or more than 20/20.

Subjects And Methods: One hundred sixty seven eyes receiving apodized diffractive multifocal intraocular lenses (SN6AD1) were included in this study. In the eyes with corneal astigmatism of less than 1.

Differential effects of myocilin and optineurin, two glaucoma genes, on neurite outgrowth.

Myocilin and optineurin are two genes linked to glaucoma, a major blinding disease characterized by progressive loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and their axons. To investigate the effects of force-expressed wild-type and mutant myocilin and optineurin on neurite outgrowth in neuronal cells, we transiently transfected cells with pEGFP-N1 (mock control) as well as myocilin and optineurin plasmids including pMYOC(WT)-EGFP, pMYOC(P370L)-EGFP, pMYOC(1-367)-EGFP, pOPTN(WT)-EGFP, and pOPTN(E50K)-EGFP. PC12 cells transfected with pEGFP-N1 produced, as anticipated, long and extensive neuritis on nerve growth factor induction.

Suppression of choroidal neovascularization in lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor type 1-deficient mice.

Purpose: To elucidate the role of the scavenger receptor, lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor type 1 (LOX-1), in the formation of choroidal neovascularization (CNV).

Methods: CNV was induced by laser photocoagulation of the ocular fundus in mice. The expression of LOX-1 mRNA and protein after laser injury was determined by real-time RT-PCR and Western blot analysis.

Downregulation of LIM kinase 1 suppresses ocular inflammation and fibrosis.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine if downregulation of LIM kinase 1 (LIMK1) by genetic deletion or direct application of LIMK1-targeted siRNA could suppress TGF-beta mediated ocular inflammation and fibrosis.

Methods: LIMK1 specific siRNAs designed from the human sequence were transfected into human corneal fibroblasts in culture. Immunofluorescence and immunoblotting were performed to examine the fibronectin assembly.

Long-term relationship between intraocular pressure and visual field loss in primary open-angle glaucoma.

Purpose: To investigate the dependence upon intraocular pressure (IOP) of the progression of visual field defects in eyes with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), in which the mean IOP was maintained at < or =21 mm Hg.

Methods: This study involved 100 eyes with POAG, which were followed up for > or =5 years. The mean IOP levels were maintained at < or =21 mm Hg during the follow-up period.

Rho GTPase and cAMP/protein kinase A signaling mediates myocilin-induced alterations in cultured human trabecular meshwork cells.

Myocilin is a gene linked to the most common form of glaucoma, a major blinding disease. The trabecular meshwork (TM), a specialized eye tissue, is believed to be involved, at least in part, in the development of glaucoma. The myocilin expression is known to be up-regulated by glucocorticoids in TM cells, and an altered myocilin level may be the culprit in conditions such as corticosteroid glaucoma.

Mitochondrial association of myocilin, product of a glaucoma gene, in human trabecular meshwork cells.

The trabecular meshwork (TM), an ocular tissue next to the cornea, is a major site for regulation of the aqueous humor outflow. Malfunctioning of this tissue is believed to be responsible for development of glaucoma, a major blinding disease. Myocilin is a gene directly linked to the most common form of glaucoma.

Frequency and risk factors for intraocular pressure elevation after posterior sub-Tenon capsule triamcinolone acetonide injection.

Purpose: This study investigated the effects of posterior sub-Tenon capsule (PST) injection of triamcinolone acetonide (TA) on intraocular pressure (IOP) in the human eye.

Methods: The study included 115 patients who received PST injections of 40-mg TA to treat macular edema with diabetic retinopathy (n=57), branch retinal vein occlusion (n=35), central retinal vein occlusion (n=13), or other disorders (n=10). IOP measurements were performed on the day of injection, and 0.

Stability of the central visual field after modern trabeculectomy techniques in eyes with advanced glaucoma.

Purpose: To review the surgical results and complications of trabeculectomy techniques in patients with advanced glaucoma and threatened fixation.

Methods: Trabeculectomy had been carried out on 49 advanced glaucoma patients (49 eyes) using mitomycin C and postoperative laser suture lysis. The clinical records prior to and 2 months after surgery were reviewed, and the long-term surgical outcomes were determined.

NMDA-induced retinal injury is mediated by an endoplasmic reticulum stress-related protein, CHOP/GADD153.

We investigated the role of an endoplasmic reticulum stress-associated protein, CHOP/GADD153, after NMDA-induced mouse retinal damage. After injection of NMDA into the vitreous, TUNEL-positive cells were detected in the retinal ganglion cell layer (GCL) and inner nuclear layer (INL) at 6 h after NMDA injection, and these gradually increased in number up to 24 h. Analysis by real-time RT-PCR revealed that CHOP mRNA was induced by about 3-fold, at 2 h after NMDA injection.

Rho-associated protein kinase inhibitor, Y-27632, induces alterations in adhesion, contraction and motility in cultured human trabecular meshwork cells.

We investigated the roles of Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) in regulating activities such as adhesion, contraction and migration in cultured human trabecular meshwork (TM) cells. Human TM cells in culture were treated with Y-27632, a specific ROCK inhibitor. Trypan blue exclusion test and TUNEL staining showed little or no direct toxicity of Y-27632 on TM cells.

Expression of a chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan, versican (PG-M), during development of rat cornea.

Purpose: To understand the role of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans during the development of rat cornea, expression of chondroitin sulfate and versican (PG-M) was studied.

Methods: Chondroitin sulfate and keratan sulfate in rat cornea were analyzed by immunohistochemical techniques. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans was performed.

Genetic polymorphisms in the angiotensin II receptor gene and their association with open-angle glaucoma in a Japanese population.

Purpose: The local renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is present in the ciliary body and plays a role in regulating aqueous humor dynamics and thus intraocular pressure (IOP). The purpose of this study was to determine whether gene polymorphisms in the RAS increase the risk of development of glaucoma in the Japanese.

Methods: A case-control study was performed in 698 Japanese subjects: 190 patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), 268 patients with normal-tension glaucoma (NTG), and 240 normal subjects.

A case of Chandler's syndrome revealed by ultrastructural studies of the trabecular meshwork.

Purpose: To investigate ultrastructural changes in the aqueous outflow route and discuss the mechanisms associated with intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation in a patient with presumably early stage Chandler's syndrome.

Methods: A 47-year-old man underwent trabeculectomy because of elevated IOP. A specimen obtained during surgery was studied by transmission electron microscopy.

Morphological damage in rabbit retina caused by subretinal injection of indocyanine green.

Purpose: To investigate the effects of subretinal indocyanine green (ICG) on retinal morphology in rabbit eyes.

Methods: Retinal bleb detachments were produced by injections of ICG at dosages of 25 mg/ml, 5 mg/ml, and 0.5 mg/ml or with an injection of balanced salt solution (BSS) into the subretinal space of albino rabbit eyes.

Expression of glycosaminoglycans during development of the rat retina.

Purpose: To investigate the spatiotemporal expression of glycosaminoglycans during development of the rat retina.

Methods: Hyaluronan and sulfated glycosaminoglycans, including chondroitin sulfate, heparan sulfate and keratan sulfate were detected using biotinylated hyaluronan binding protein, immunohistochemical analysis, respectively, in the rat retina at various stages of development.

Results: Hyaluronan was expressed in the nerve fiber layer, inner plexiform layer and outer plexiform layer during early postnatal stages (postnatal day 1-14; P1-P14) and was undetectable after P21.

Lens epithelium-derived growth factor: neuroprotection on rat retinal damage induced by N-methyl-D-aspartate.

The purpose of this study is to investigate possible neuroprotective effects of lens epithelium-derived growth factor (LEDGF) against cell death induced by N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) in the rat retina. LEDGF and/or NMDA were intravitreally injected into rat eyes. NMDA-induced retinal death and protective effects of LEDGF were evaluated by morphometric analysis, cell numbers in the ganglion cell layer (GCL) and the thickness of the inner plexiform layer (IPL).

Secondary glaucoma in patients with familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy.

Objective: To elucidate the clinical features and surgical outcomes of the treatment of secondary glaucoma associated with transthyretin (TTR)-related familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy (FAP).

Design: Retrospective case study.

Participants: Forty-nine Japanese patients with FAP.

Neuroprotective effects of interleukin-6 on NMDA-induced rat retinal damage.

This study shows that interleukin-6 (IL-6) combined with soluble interleukin-6 receptors (sIL-6R) modulates N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-induced retinal damage. Eyes pretreated with a combined injection of IL-6 and sIL-6R had NMDA administered into the vitreous cavity. Morphometric analysis and retrograde labeling analysis found that pretreatment with either IL-6 or sIL-6R alone did not bring about any neuroprotective effect.

Induction of citrulline-nitric oxide (NO) cycle enzymes and NO production in immunostimulated rat RPE-J cells.

Nitric oxide (NO) has been implicated in many physiological and pathological conditions in the eyes. The induction of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and NO production have been noted in immunostimulated retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells. Cellular NO production depends on the availability of arginine, a substrate for NOS.

Vitreous opacities and outcome of vitreous surgery in patients with familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy.

Purpose: To report the prevalence of vitreous opacities and the outcome of vitreous surgery in patients with familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy (FAP).

Design: Observational case series.

Methods: In 37 patients with FAP and the ATTR Val30 Met mutation, vitreous opacities were present in 14 eyes of 9 patients and vitrectomy combined with phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation was performed in five eyes of three patients.

Proteoglycans in the eye.

Purpose: Various proteoglycans are expressed in ocular tissues. We investigated and reviewed the distribution and the potential roles of proteoglycans in cornea, trabecular meshwork, and retinal tissues.

Methods: Immunohistochemical studies were performed in rat ocular tissues.

Coinduction of nitric oxide synthase and arginine metabolic enzymes in endotoxin-induced uveitis rats.

The regulation of expression of the arginine-recycling enzymes and arginase isoforms in association with inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in the eye of endotoxin-induced uveitis (EIU) rats is investigated. An animal model of EIU was created in Wistar rats by intravitreal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). mRNAs for argininosuccinate synthase (AS) and arginase I as well as for iNOS, measured by semi-quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), were induced in the eye of EIU rats.