Factors Involved in the Development of Diabetic Kidney Disease in Patients With Slowly Progressive Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Introduction The duration of diabetes mellitus (DM), blood pro-inflammatory markers, and dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) activity are known predictors of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) progression in acute-onset type 1 DM (AT1DM) and type 2 DM. However, predictors of DKD progression in slowly progressive type 1 insulin-dependent DM (SPIDDM) have been less frequently studied. Patients and methods This retrospective cohort study included 60 patients with SPIDDM (definite) (26 men/34 women).

Moon-like Facies by Glucocorticoid Is Associated With the Development of Diabetes and Body Image Disturbance.

Context: Moon-like facies (MLF) are a typical side effect of glucocorticoid (GC) therapy; however, its predisposing factors, relationship with GC-induced complications, and effects on body image are not well understood.

Objective: This study aimed to determine the predisposing factors for MLF during GC therapy; its association with GC-induced diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia; and its effects on body image.

Methods: This prospective observational study spanned 24 weeks and targeted patients who received GC therapy at the University of Yamanashi Hospital from June 2020 to August 2022.

Effect of intermittent subchronic MK-801 administration on dopamine synthesis capacity and responsiveness in the prefrontal cortex.

Aim: The therapeutic potential of N-methyl-D-aspartate glutamate receptor (NMDAR) antagonists, particularly ketamine, in mood disorders, is linked to their modulation of dopamine dynamics in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). However, conflicting effects of distinct NMDAR antagonists, like ketamine and phencyclidine, on mPFC dopamine levels stem from variances in their receptor affinity profiles. This study investigates the impact of intermittent subchronic administration of an NMDAR antagonist on dopamine synthesis capacity and responsiveness within the mPFC, focusing on Dizocilpine (MK-801), a highly selective NMDAR antagonist.

Association between anxious distress in a major depressive episode and bipolarity.

Purpose: Mixed features in a major depressive episode (MDE) predict bipolar disorder (BD). The mixed features specifier included in the Fifth Edition (DSM-5) could be restrictive because it excludes the symptoms common to both mania/hypomania and depression, including psychomotor agitation. On the other hand, an anxious distress (ANXD) specifier has also been introduced in the DSM-5, and psychomotor agitation has been defined as a severity of ANXD.

Escitalopram attenuates fear stress-induced increase in amygdalar dopamine following methamphetamine-induced sensitisation: Implications of fine-tuning action of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors on emotional processing.

Serotonin reuptake inhibitors modulate the serotonergic pathways of the nervous system and are widely used for treating psychiatric conditions such as anxiety and depression. The dopaminergic system is related to the development of these conditions. Previous studies on methamphetamine-sensitised rats (behavioural models of stress vulnerability) have shown increased release of dopamine in response to conditioned stress in the amygdala.

Diazepam suppresses the stress-induced dopaminergic release in the amygdala of methamphetamine-sensitized rat.

Although the benzodiazepine class of drugs has proven useful in treating anxiety symptoms, recent studies yield no consistent empirical support for their use in treating psychiatric disorders. However, animal studies using a fear conditioning paradigm have suggested that benzodiazepines facilitate fear memory extinction, dependent on treatment timing and subject conditions. However, we have no data on the effect of subject conditions.

Identifying predictive clinical characteristics of the treatment efficacy of mirtazapine monotherapy for major depressive disorder.

Background: Mirtazapine, which is classified as a noradrenergic and specific serotonergic antidepressant, is widely prescribed for the treatment of major depressive disorder. The potential predictive factors of the efficacy of mirtazapine and the tolerability based on the incidence of oversedation and jitteriness/anxiety syndrome were evaluated.

Patients And Methods: Patients with major depressive disorder were retrospectively investigated.

Dopamine dynamics during emotional cognitive processing: Implications of the specific actions of clozapine compared with haloperidol.

Clozapine has improved efficacy relative to typical antipsychotics in schizophrenia treatment, particularly regarding emotional symptoms. However, the mechanisms underlying its therapeutic benefits remain unclear. Using a methamphetamine-sensitised rat model, we measured changes in dopamine levels in the amygdalae in response to a fear-conditioned cue, serving as a biochemical marker of emotional cognitive processing disruption in psychosis, for analysing the biochemical mechanisms associated with the clinical benefits of clozapine.